FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:


Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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10 January 2010

The Australian Police Should be REFORMED !!


Comment: An opportunistic attack? Yes, definite! The Australian Government and the police should upgrade their services and surveillances – in an effort to curb further unwanted chaos, disturbance, and crime attacks on Indians and other races in Australia. Its vital for the economic prosperity and social stability in Australia

The Police in Australia dress like boy-scouts, their uniforms are most of the time not nicely iron, and they wear military boot. The reason herein is that its easier to chase bad guys. But police in Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and even Malaysia, don’t dress without a properly iron dress, they dress smartly, and wear proper professional shoes – and they catch ‘bad guys’ pretty effective too! So its time, the Australia Police Force buckle up get reformed… Don’t think that big cases are important, and forget the small cases, because it’s the small cases that spiral up to big cases!! Got it man! Maybe the Chief of Police should be replaced!! Get a younger more effective university graduated for that matter, and make sure he is not racist!

URLhttp://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/latest/6660657/indian-govt-angry-after-attack-on-man/ (10th January 2010)
Indian govt angry after attack on man
AAP January 10, 2010, 11:42 am


The Indian government has criticised Australia for failing to prevent attacks on Indian nationals, after the latest incident in which a man was set on fire in Melbourne.

Crime squad investigators say the circumstances leading up to a 29-year-old Indian man, Jaspreet Singh, being set on fire in an alleged attack early on Saturday are "unusual" - but not racially motivated. The man is in hospital in a serious condition with burns to 15 per cent of his body on his hands, face and legs.

A hospital spokesman said he remained in a serious but stable condition on Sunday.

It's alleged he was randomly approached by four men who burned his car and set him on fire.

"I believe there's no reason at this stage to consider this in any way racially motivated," Detective Acting Senior Sergeant Neil Smyth told reporters on Saturday.

"The circumstances of parking a car randomly on a side street and just some people approaching him are a bit strange and it's highly unlikely, therefore, to be a targeted attack on any individual."

But India's Overseas Affairs Minister Vayalar Ravi, who is responsible for Indians working or studying abroad, reacted sharply on Saturday and rebuked Australia for failing to prevent such attacks. "I want to make it loudly clear that the (Australian) government should take preventive action," he said on the sidelines of a conference in Delhi.

"Why cannot they arrest them and put them behind bars and prosecute them? Surely, the Australian police must be efficient enough to mark these people." (Thats why a reform in the Police Force is needed!! Sack the Police Chief and get a more qualified one!!)

"Our government expresses serious concerns and is waiting for results," the minister added.

Police were told the man and his wife left a dinner party in Essendon between 1.30am and 2am on Saturday and drove to their nearby home in Grice Crescent. The man told police he dropped his wife off and then drove to a nearby street to park the car. As he was getting out of the vehicle, four men allegedly attacked him, pushed him back against the vehicle and poured an unknown fluid on him. One of the men is alleged to have then ignited the fluid with a lighter before all four men fled. The man then ran from the car, throwing his burning clothes into the street. He suffered burns to 15 per cent of his body.

The attackers have been described in only a "generalised description which is really just unspecific, just four males", Det Act Snr Sgt Smyth said. "It is an unusual event," he said.

The incident threatens to further fracture relations between Australia and India, which are already strained following a spate of attacks on Indian students.

Meanwhile, Slain Indian student Nitin Garg (an accounting student) will be farewelled in a funeral service on Sunday after his body was flown home to his family. Hundreds of mourners are expected to pay their respects to Mr Garg, whose body will be cremated near his family's home in the northern state of Punjab. Mr Garg, 21, died after he was stabbed in Melbourne's western suburbs last weekend while walking through a park to his workplace at Hungry Jack's late at night.

01 January 2010

Another Security Nuisances & Wastages Spending for 2010

URLhttp://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/world/6635613/obama-summons-intel-chiefs-for-washington-talks/ (1st January 2010)

Obama summons intel chiefs for Washington talks
Jeff Mason, Reuters January 1, 2010, 12:31 pm
KANEOHE, Hawaii (Reuters) - President Barack Obama on Thursday summoned U.S. intelligence chiefs to a meeting next week to discuss how to prevent a repeat of the attempted bombing of a Detroit-bound airliner on December 25.Seeking to quell criticism of his administration over an intelligence breakdown, Obama said he was briefed by his top advisers and would get assessments from intelligence agencies later on Thursday and study them over the weekend before returning to Washington from Hawaii. Obama had ordered an immediate review of what he called "human and systemic failures" that allowed the accused bomber, Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, a 23-year-old Nigerian with alleged links to Islamic militants, to get on the trans-Atlantic flight from Amsterdam.

Comment:

How can you stop someone who wants to bomb-up themself? You cannot !! He doesn't need to get on a plane to BOMB you. All he need to do is to get on a bus full of people, and detonated himself! And at least 40 Americans are gone! Or a building full of people... and you know what happen next. But the real issue here is, why would anyone want to blow-up himself ?? Would you ??

The man in this case is a son of a prominent business man from Nigeria, and not a bitch or drug addict in New York street, definitely he love his life more than the 'low life' drug addict American man... but what push him to do as he does?

I tell you what push him... ITS racism and prejudice, its religious bais, its all talk about civil society (and no real practical application of such ethics in American society), its Arab-phobia, its Islam-phobia (and wrong protrayal of Islam by Western-Jews media), its Palestinian suffering!!

Its 'NO jobs' ... no fair opportunities for the Blacks, Arabs, and Asians... ITS White man prejudices and discriminations... and what are the American policy-makers doing? They spent billions dollars more (on the order of the Jews elites in Washington) on security measures and machines!! What a joke! (But at least, more security is good for the Jews).

Thats not the solution to the 'security problem'. IT should be a fairer USA, a prejudice minimal society, fair job opportunties for all in the USA, better international relations with other countries... and come on, minimize the Jews-relations for a while!! Treat other races more fairly, more equally... Then USA security will not be compromised !! Got that !! (Not to the extend that everyone must undress at the airport, being shouted at by security personnels, have their begs overturn, and a small perfume bottle or hair-cream - being ridiculously stared at for 'fear' of bomb threat !! ).... COME on... Obama can do better public relations than that !! DONT let the Jews Elites pulled you by the nose !!

The American people (of all races and religions) must rally for equal rights and opportunities... and fair treatments!!
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19 December 2009

Racist Jews and the WORLD


RACIST JEWS AND THE WORLD

The Jews are so racist, that they would list everything that they achieved, even though its the Jews in USA that won the Gold medal in the Olympic Game (and not the original Jews in Palestine/Israel), and so on, and so forth for countries like, Germany, Austria, Poland, France, Switzerland, Greece, Hungary, and so on. The Jews would list the winners of Gold medals for the Olympic Games in every major games. Then they would said, “LOOK how great the Jews are, they won Gold in every major Olympic Games since the establishment of it !!”

See:

List of Jews in Sports
URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jews_in_sports

Israel at the Olympics
URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_Olympics

ALL Listing in International Websites
URLhttp://www.jewishfederations.org/IR/CategoryListings.aspx?id=379

ALL Listing in International Jewish Organizations
URLhttp://www.ujc.org/IR/CategoryListings.aspx?id=200

But other races, such as, the Chinese and Indian are less racist. Thus, when the Chinese in Canada won Gold in the Olympic Game, they would say, “We Canadian won Gold” (and not the “We Chinese won Gold.”). The same goes to the Chinese and Indian in USA, Germany, Austria, Poland, France, Switzerland, Poland, and so forth. In short, they are loyal to their ‘country of citizenship’. (They same cannot be said to the Jews, who now and then, keep saying about the ‘Aliyah’ (or great migration) to Palestine, their so-called homeland.

Originally, Palestine belongs to the Palestinians, and Palestine was a ‘legal state’ of sovereignty, but ever since the migration of the Jews into Palestine After World War I and II, the State of Palestine now considered as ‘stateless’ (and the Palestinians are now considered an outcast). And vice-versa, the migrating Jews are now legally calling it their state (The ‘Jewish State of Israel’). See how the migrating Jews can simply kick-out its original habitants (the Palestinians).

See, Palestine refugee Camps
URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps
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30 November 2009

Alcohol... Danger ... Vices

URLhttp://au.movies.yahoo.com/news/article/-/6530114/david-hasselhoff-rushed-to-hospital/ (Accessed on 30th November 2009)

David Hasselhoff Rushed to Hospital
Yahoo!7 Movies November 30, 2009, 9:34 am

Former Baywatch star, David Hasselhoff was admitted to hospital on Friday after suffering a seizure, according to a new US report.RadarOnline.com claims the star's daughter, Hayley, called emergency services when her father fell ill.The actor was reportedly taken to Los Angeles' Cedars-Sinai Medical Center by ambulance for treatment."I asked one of the paramedics how David was doing and he told me his eyes were rolling back into his head, he was drooling and that he'd had a seizure. This isn't the first time this has happened to him," said Hasselhoff's neighbour, Christian.

A spokesperson for the LA City Fire Department confirms: "Paramedics were called to (a house) in Encino for medical aid. Paramedics arrived at approximately 11:51 am and later transported the patient a nearby hospital."Hasselhoff was apparently drinking throughout the thanksgiving holiday that may have ended up triggering the attack and saw one of his personal doctors on Wednesday after returning from a trip to Canada. The website claims has been hospitalized for alcohol poisoning over five times in just the past year alone, the most recent in October when he was admitted to rehab amid reports he accidentally hit a doctor during a booze binge.Hasselhoff's reps have denied any alcohol related issues in the past.

Comments:

This is not the first time famous actors and actress (and ordinary people) felt very ill due to alcohol related issue. That is why in Islam, alcohol drinking is prohibited, not even a drop is allowed.

Because, if a drop is allowed, people would want another drop, then another drop, and eventually felt addicted to drink the whole barrel.

Also when people are not sober, they tend to do nasty things, such as, quarrel, street fighting, to other social-ills and crime related issues.

Think about it.

24 November 2009

Police Abuse of Power


URLhttp://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/mp/6507030/teen-killed-by-ny-police-shot-11-times/ (Accessed on 24th November 2009)

Teen killed by NY police 'shot 11 times'
AAP November 23, 2009, 4:56 pm
A teenager killed in a confrontation with New York City police over the weekend was shot 11 times, the medical examiner's office said. Dashawn Vasconcellos, 18, died of gunshot wounds to the torso, neck and extremities, medical examiner spokeswoman Ellen Borakove said. Police fired a total of 14 times, chief NYPD spokesman Paul J Browne said.

According to an autopsy completed late on Sunday, Vasconcellos had three gunshot wounds in the middle of his back, five in his right side and three on his left side, Borakove said. Five police bullets were recovered during the autopsy, she said.

Vasconcellos and two others were spotted leaving a city park in the city's Queens borough about 11.30pm on Saturday (3.30pm Sunday AEDT) by four officers in an unmarked car. Vasconcellos ran and was pursued by three officers. He then turned and pointed a 9mm semiautomatic pistol at them, Browne said.

"They ordered him to drop the gun, and he did not comply. Three officers fired a total of 14 shots," Browne said. Vasconcellos, who was also carrying a boxcutter, did not fire his gun. He was pronounced dead at Jamaica Hospital. The men with Vasconcellos, who did not flee police, have been questioned by officers. It's unclear why the men were in the park after hours.
Fatal police-involved shootings have led to protests in New York City and prosecutions of police officers.

In 2008, a judge acquitted three police officers in the fatal shooting of Sean Bell, an unarmed man killed in a 50-shot barrage on his wedding day. Bell was killed outside a strip club on November 25, 2006, as he was leaving his bachelor party. Undercover officers investigating reports of prostitution at the club said they thought one of the men in Bell's group had a gun.

Ten years ago, in 1999, 22-year-old Amadou Diallo was killed when he was struck 19 times by 41 bullets fired by police officers who mistook his wallet for a gun. The officers were acquitted in the February 1999 fatal shooting of the African immigrant.

Comment:

Police work is very stressful at times, and sometimes ‘mistakes’ are made, but what if that ‘mistakes’ took someone else life? IF a civilian mistakenly took someone else life, he goes to jail for it. Don’t you think a police officer should be responsible and goes to jail for it too? After all, a police officer should be highly train to handle stressful situation, right? And not just shoot and shoot, out of fright (panic / fear)!!

23 November 2009

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Source:
URL http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml


Article 13.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

Article 14.
(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 15.
(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

Article 16.
(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

Article 17.
(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Article 18.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 19.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.


RIGHTS TO WORK & EDUCATION

Article 23.
(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

Article 24.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Article 25.
(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Article 26.
(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.


12 November 2009

Abuse of Power in SPRM?!

URLhttp://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2009&dt=1112&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Mahkamah&pg=ma_07.htm (12th November 2009)

Saksi kes Norza dakwa didera pegawai SPRM
TEMERLOH 11 Nov. - Seorang saksi perbicaraan kes rasuah membabitkan Datuk Mohamad Norza Zakaria dan ejennya, Halimi Kamaruzzaman mendakwa dia terpaksa memberi keterangan palsu kerana tidak tahan didera secara fizikal dan mental.

Mohd. Taupik Hussain (Ketua Pemuda UMNO) berkata, dia merasa cukup trauma sehingga mendorong memberi keterangan palsu kepada pegawai penyiasat Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM) Kuantan yang menyoal siasatnya pada 23 Januari 2009 lalu. Ahli perniagaan berusia 39 tahun itu berkata demikian semasa disoal oleh peguam Datuk Seri Muhammad Shafee Abdullah pada prosiding mencabar kebolehpercayaannya di hadapan Hakim Mahkamah Sesyen, Azuar Che Yusof hari ini.

Menjawab soalan peguam bela yang mewakili Datuk Mohamad Norza itu, Mohd. Taupik memberitahu, dia dibawa ke pejabat SPRM Kuantan pada 22 Januari lalu ke sebuah bilik dan diarahkan menanggalkan pakaian kecuali seluar dalam. Dia mendakwa telah diarah melakukan ketuk ketampi, tekan-tubi dan berguling-guling di atas lantai selain kepalanya turut diketuk dengan kasutnya oleh tiga pegawai terbabit mulai kira-kira pukul 5 petang. ''Paha saya disepak dan pinggul saya dipijak sambil mereka bertanya soalan yang sama berulang kali sama ada saya ada berjumpa dengan Datuk Norza dan menerima sampul surat daripada beliau.

''Proses penderaan berkenaan berlarutan sehingga pukul 11 malam sebelum saya diarahkan untuk menandatangani surat Orang Kena Tahan, sebelas minit selepas itu,'' dakwanya. Keesokan harinya, dia mendakwa dibawa semula ke pejabat yang sama pada pukul 11 pagi sebelum keterangannya tidak bertemu dan menerima sampul surat daripada Mohamad Norza diambil. Katanya, kira-kira enam jam kemudian, dia dibawa semula ke bilik soal siasat dan kali ini dia dihina serta diugut oleh empat pegawai SPRM.

''Mereka mengugut akan mengeluarkan waran tangkap untuk menahan saya dalam masa tujuh hari lagi sekiranya saya tidak mahu bekerjasama,'' kata Ketua Pemuda UMNO Wangsa Maju itu. Akibat tidak tahan dan berasa tertekan dengan penderaan serta ugutan, Mohd. Taupik mendakwa, dia terpaksa membuat kenyataan palsu bahawa dia menemui dan menerima kira-kira 20 keping sampul surat putih. Dia mendakwa menerima sampul surat itu yang diikat dengan getah daripada Mohamad Norza di tepi jalan berhampiran Mont Kiara pada pukul 8 malam, 19 Januari lalu.

Datuk Mohamad Norza, 43, iaitu bekas anggota Majlis Tertinggi (MT) UMNO dituduh memberi suapan RM1,500 kepada Khadri Musa menerusi Halimi untuk diagihkan kepada perwakilan sebagai dorongan untuk memenangi jawatan MT pada Perhimpunan Agung UMNO Mac lepas. Bekas Ketua Pemuda UMNO Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur itu juga dituduh memberi suapan RM1,900 kepada Mohammad Anuar Mohd. Yunus menerusi Halimi bagi tujuan sama.

Kedua-dua tuduhan itu didakwa dilakukan di No. 38, Pinggiran Tasik, Taman Bandar Temerloh pada 6.30 petang, 20 Januari lalu. Halimi, 47, pula dituduh memberikan suapan itu kepada Khadri dan Mohammad Anuar pada tarikh dan tempat yang sama. Dalam keterangannya, Mohd. Taupik turut memberitahu, dia terpaksa mereka-reka cerita dalam kenyataan kedua kepada SPRM selain masih merasa malu, sedih dan takut dengan penderaan pegawai-pegawai berkenaan. Menjawab soalan lain Muhammad Shafee, Mohd. Taupik menyatakan dia masih menyimpan kasut yang digunakan untuk mengetuk kepalanya oleh pegawai SPRM.

''Ya, saya masih menyimpannya dan mahu jadikan ia sebagai kenangan,'' katanya sambil mengeluarkan sepasang kasut warna hitam dari sebuah beg. Perbicaraan bersambung esok.

Comment:
How can SPRM solve problem in term of corruption, when they themselves are involved in corruption (i.e. abuse of power).