FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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19 December 2009

Racist Jews and the WORLD


RACIST JEWS AND THE WORLD

The Jews are so racist, that they would list everything that they achieved, even though its the Jews in USA that won the Gold medal in the Olympic Game (and not the original Jews in Palestine/Israel), and so on, and so forth for countries like, Germany, Austria, Poland, France, Switzerland, Greece, Hungary, and so on. The Jews would list the winners of Gold medals for the Olympic Games in every major games. Then they would said, “LOOK how great the Jews are, they won Gold in every major Olympic Games since the establishment of it !!”

See:

List of Jews in Sports
URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jews_in_sports

Israel at the Olympics
URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_at_the_Olympics

ALL Listing in International Websites
URLhttp://www.jewishfederations.org/IR/CategoryListings.aspx?id=379

ALL Listing in International Jewish Organizations
URLhttp://www.ujc.org/IR/CategoryListings.aspx?id=200

But other races, such as, the Chinese and Indian are less racist. Thus, when the Chinese in Canada won Gold in the Olympic Game, they would say, “We Canadian won Gold” (and not the “We Chinese won Gold.”). The same goes to the Chinese and Indian in USA, Germany, Austria, Poland, France, Switzerland, Poland, and so forth. In short, they are loyal to their ‘country of citizenship’. (They same cannot be said to the Jews, who now and then, keep saying about the ‘Aliyah’ (or great migration) to Palestine, their so-called homeland.

Originally, Palestine belongs to the Palestinians, and Palestine was a ‘legal state’ of sovereignty, but ever since the migration of the Jews into Palestine After World War I and II, the State of Palestine now considered as ‘stateless’ (and the Palestinians are now considered an outcast). And vice-versa, the migrating Jews are now legally calling it their state (The ‘Jewish State of Israel’). See how the migrating Jews can simply kick-out its original habitants (the Palestinians).

See, Palestine refugee Camps
URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps
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