FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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23 December 2012

Rich Spoiled KIDS !



Source:
http://finance.yahoo.com/news/meet-the-most-spoiled-kids-in-the-world-153905583.html
(23 DEC 2012)

Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum, Prince of Dubai

 (Andrew H. Walker/Getty Images for DIFF)

The 29-year-old crown prince of Dubai and son of Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates, leads a charmed life.

For starters, he drives a diamond-studded, mink-finished Mercedes that's worth an estimated $4.8 million and cruises in the world's largest yacht, which has a $300 million price tag.
[ http://classic.cnbc.com/id/48352581/page/2 ][ http://www.superyachts.com/ ]

He also has an affinity for practicing sports and spends his days scuba diving, sky diving, jet skiing, and body boarding.

He also enjoys traveling. When he was in New York in June, the Prince ordered a $1,000 dessert, which was served in a $300 Baccarat goblet complete with edible gold and Tahitian vanilla ice cream.

 SAMPLE (of a Super Yacht): USD$300-600 Millions
















Source:  
http://finance.yahoo.com/news/meet-the-most-spoiled-kids-in-the-world-153905583.html
Haji 'Abdul 'Azim, Prince of Brunei


















[Youtube]

For his 30th birthday, Prince Azim of Brunei pulled out all the stops and invited A-listers like Pamela Anderson and Marisa Tomei to anenormous celebration at the Dorchester Hotel in London.

But lavish parties have always been his thing. In 2009, the billionaire playboy reportedly threw the "Party of the Year," spending over $70,000 euros on the flowers alone. 

Guests can always count on leaving the Prince's celebrations with some pretty stellar party favors, including iPods, diamond jewelry, and luxury Crème de la Mer face creams.

And if you're a real bestie, he may just spoil you rotten. Mail Online reports that the Brunei Prince gifted $6 million worth of jewels to long-time friend Mariah Carey in 1996.


Source: 
http://finance.yahoo.com/news/meet-the-most-spoiled-kids-in-the-world-153905583.html

 Vorayud Yoovidhaya, grandson of Red Bull founder Chaleo Yoovidhya


















                                          [YouTube]

Forbes magazine ranked the Yoovidhaya family as the fourth richest family in Thailand this year, with an estimated net worth of $5.4 billion.

But the grandson of Red Bull creator Chaleo Yoovidhya, is known for milking his family's deep pockets for all they are worth.

In October of this year, 27-year-old Vorayud Yoovidhaya was accused in the hit-and-run death of a police officer and had his father paythe officer's family $97,000 to stall the civil lawsuit.

The car involved in the accident was a Ferrari and is valued at about $1 million.



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