FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:


Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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22 January 2010

Australia: Gender Bias /Prejudice

Comment:

This is a clear case of gender bias (prejudice)... Is the judge (and possibly the public) says that its ok for a mum to swing the knife around the house (kitchen), and threathen her husband, and then accidently stabbed her child is OK??! (Because she recieves years of abuse from her husband?!).

Imagine IF the husband swing the 20 cm knife around the house, he would immediately be charged (in the court of law) for reckless behaviour, that could result in endangering the wife, and his children)... And IF he stabbed his child, he would immediately be 'locked up in the cell' (and the Australian public would clap their hands).... What a gender BIAS !!


URLhttp://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/newshome/6709376/woman-who-stabbed-her-daughter-to-death-walks-free/ (22nd January 2010)

Woman who stabbed her daughter to death walks free
CHRISTIANA JONES, The West Austrailan January 22, 2010, 10:46 am

A young mother who unintentionally stabbed and killed her 15-month-old daughter during a domestic dispute will walk free after a judge today imposed a suspended jail term. Nicole Frances Bryan, 23, broke down and sobbed as the sentence was read out in the Supreme Court today and had to be led away from the dock.

Justice Stephen Hall said in sentencing Bryan it was: "One of the worst things imaginable" for a child to die at the hands of a parent. But Justice Hall said Bryan never intended to harm her child.
Note: What IF the accident is reverse, says for example, what IF the husband accidently stabbed his child (daughter), and says he NEVER intended to hurt his child, but accidently killed her?? What would the judge says??

Details of the terrible incident were aired in court this week when it was revealed Bryan had been subject to years of domestic abuse. During a heated argument at their Dawesville home on March 7, 2009, Ms Bryan thrust a 20cm knife at her partner.
Note: Come on domestic abuse happens everyday and everywhere, but in Western society, people just divorce for small matters, I heard some even divorce because the wife/husband got bore of seeing the same face everyday (this cases happen everyday in Western countries).

But Bryan was not aware her defacto was holding toddler Chenelle at the time. As her partner turned to face her, Bryan struck Chenelle with the knife with a fatal blow. She pleaded guilty to manslaughter.
Note: Come on, you should look before you swing the 20 cm knife around ??! What reckless behaviour... and this can be tolerated (in the court of law/ the general public)??

Justice Hall said he had taken it into consideration that Bryan never intended for her child to be harmed. He said she was a devoted mother who had experienced years of domstic violence. Justice Hall detailed a string of domestic disputes that had seen police called to her and her partner's home in the years leading up to the tragedy.

But police were powerless to do anything after Bryan repeatedly refused to make an offical complaint against her partner.
Note: Don't know about this one... Its her life... her choice!

The judge said this came as a result of Bryan's desire to keep the family unit together for the sake of her children but in the days before the tragedy she had become emotionally fragile and unable to cope. The judge said the violent act was dangerous but out of character and she had reacted out of desperation and anger over the abuse.

He noted she had the unconditional love and support of her family and the seperation from her two remaining daughters had made her time behind bars more difficult. Bryan was accompanied by a large group of family and supporters as she walked free from the Supreme Court into a waiting car with other family members.

Justice Hall suspended her jail term on the condition that she attend programs to help her rehabilitation.



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20 January 2010

Racism in Australia, the Indians and HDI


Comment:

There now you got it, you got everything (evidences) need to define the situation a racist problem. There is the statistics and studies by Prof Dunn (University of Western Sydney), and there are the confessions of top police officer(s), BUT the real issue here is, ‘What is the Australian Government going to do about it?’

The actual fact is that, its not just about racism against the Indians, but also the Asians in Australia, the Arabs, etc. This does not even include religious discriminations that occur in Australia.

Australia has been quoted as the Top Five countries with a very high Human Development Index (HDI) stated by United Nations. I think its about time United Nations re-consider listing Australia as the Top Five countries with high HDI... Or rather the HDI be re-evaluated and given another concept (terminology) and/or yardstick (measurement).


Sources:

Human Development Index: What it means?

List of Countries by HDI:
URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index

Human Development Reports Website (UNDP, United Nations):
URLhttp://hdr.undp.org/en/
(Accessed on 12th January 2010)

Quotes:

“Forty per cent of Australians believe some ethnic groups do not belong in the country with one in 10 having outwardly racist views, a new study shows.”

“It's too high, isn't it?" Prof Dunn said. "We've got to bring that (figures) down.”
(Prof Dunn, University of Western Sydney, 2008)

Source: URLhttp://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=638470
(Accessed on 12th January 2010)

Source:
URLhttp://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/newshome/6699207/indian-attacks-a-known-problem-police/ (20th January 2010)

Indian attacks a known problem: police
AAP January 20, 2010, 10:45 am

Victoria's top cop has admitted police realised two years ago there was a problem involving crime against Indians. Indians are over-represented in robbery statistics and there is a racist element to some attacks, Police Commissioner Simon Overland says.

"There is no question, regardless of the motives, Indian students have to a degree been targeted in robberies and that is not okay," he told ABC radio on Wednesday.

"We recognised this problem a long time before it hit the public.

"We have known for two years that there has been this issue and we have been working away, at a number of levels around engaging with students, trying to make them understand the risks and how they keep themselves safe."

Mr Overland said police had detailed data on attacks involving Indians and said that while Indians were over represented when it came to robberies, the same could not be said for assaults.

About 50 per cent of assaults on Indians occurred in their workplace, mostly involving taxi drivers and convenience store clerks, he said.

Mr Overland said some of the attacks were racist. "I have said from day one undoubtedly some of these attacks have a racist motive or there is racist elements to these attacks," he said.

"Regardless of who they are, what they are, what colour they are, what occupation they are, my job is to make the state as safe as I can for everyone."

The comments come after a number of attacks on Indians, including the stabbing murder of student Nitin Garg in Melbourne earlier this month. In the latest incident, an Indian taxi driver was bashed in Reservoir on Saturday.



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15 January 2010

Anger Mounts as Haiti Sees Little Sign of Aid


Anger mounts as Haiti sees little sign of aid
AFP January 15, 2010, 11:41 am


US President Barack Obama sought to lift up a despairing people, facing acute shortages of food, water and shelter, offering 100 million dollars in immediate assistance.

"To the people of Haiti, we say clearly and with conviction, you will not be forsaken, you will not be forgotten," he said.

Obama and French President Nicolas Sarkozy, along with Brazil and Canada and other concerned nations are planning to hold an international conference on Haiti's reconstruction, the French presidency said.

Comment:

I wonder what OIC or Dubai, or Saudi Arabia, or other oil rich countries would do? Or donate to help relieve the earthquake victims in Haiti? (Will it be more than 100 million dollars? 50 million dollars, maybe? 20 million dollars?). Maybe they will say, oh… WE don’t have that kind of money.

Personally for me, the 100 million dollars that US donated to the earthquake victims in Haiti is a small sum, compare to their GNP and GDP which annual up to trillion of dollars. But its a good start.

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Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai)






Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai)




Thousands of cheering, clapping spectators watched as a tally projected on huge screens at the opening ceremony revealed the tower's most closely guarded secret -- its height of 2,717 feet (828 metres). That made it more than 1,000 feet (305 metres) higher than the skyscraper known as Taipei 101 in Taiwan, which at 1,667 feet (508 metres) had been the world's tallest since 2004.




Comment:

IT’S A brilliant and excellent achievement, the ‘tallest building’ in the world, right here in Dubai. It’s a monumental landmark since the fall of the Ottoman Empire in Turkey, and the continual downfall of Muslim intellects, but their raise especially in the 1990s and 2000s are also encouraging. With Muslim countries producing many local intellects.

Thus, I would just wish that Dubai, United Arab Emirate, Saudi Arabia, and other oil rich countries in the middle-east would provide generous ‘International Scholarships’ to international students (especially Muslim), so that they can take up academic candidature (or residential) at established universities in the middle-east and/or in Europe, USA, UK, Japan, South Korea, and so forth.

It is only through generous scholarship offers to deserving Muslim that the world Muslim intellect can grow and prosper, and once again redeem the excellency of the teaching of Islam, which promote not only the teaching of the verses of the Quran and Sunnah, but also the development of science and technology - knowledge and innovation.

The tallest building doesn’t mean anything to other Muslim if it just stand where it is and not baring any ‘fruits’ to its inhabitants or other Muslim.

The tallest building doesn’t mean anything if it was just mean only for ‘showmanship’, that costs billions of dollars.



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12 January 2010

Racist Australians: The Facts & Figures are Here !



Racist Australians: The Facts & Figures are Here !

Studies that was conducted by Professor Dunn of University of Western Sydney, and was highlighted by News 9 MSN, revealed that ‘Australians are racist’ in general. It was a survey done to gauge on the racist views of Australians in general, due to some up towards incidents that occurs during the late Howard administration and Kevin Rudd new regime. The study revealed some shocking survey facts ! (Well, not so shocking if you ask me, ask any non-whites in Australia, and conduct the survey fairly, you will see the results).

The result of the survey poll returned with a surprising 57% stating that Australians are racists in general, with 47% stating that Australians are not racists (Note: Taking into consideration that they are more whites in Australia than other races, but still, the facts are here!).

So much for the racist-free Kevin Rudd policy and the multi-cultural society living together, that the Kevin Rudd administration try to advocate, to Australians and the world.

The Australian government under Kevin Rudd need to buckle-up and do something real, for the continuous peace, social harmony and unity in Australia. Without which, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) from overseas may dampen, professional migration from overseas might impede, and billions of dollars educational placements (in Australia universities and colleges) may be diverted to other less racist countries, such as , Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea, Germany, Austria, Norway, Canada, and so forth.

Source: URLhttp://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=638470
(Accessed on 12th January 2010)


Quotes:

“Forty per cent of Australians believe some ethnic groups do not belong in the country with one in 10 having outwardly racist views, a new study shows.”

“It's too high, isn't it?" Prof Dunn said. "We've got to bring that down.”
(Prof Dunn, University of Western Sydney, 2008)

Source: URLhttp://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=638470
(Accessed on 12th January 2010)

10 January 2010

The Australian Police Should be REFORMED !!


Comment: An opportunistic attack? Yes, definite! The Australian Government and the police should upgrade their services and surveillances – in an effort to curb further unwanted chaos, disturbance, and crime attacks on Indians and other races in Australia. Its vital for the economic prosperity and social stability in Australia

The Police in Australia dress like boy-scouts, their uniforms are most of the time not nicely iron, and they wear military boot. The reason herein is that its easier to chase bad guys. But police in Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and even Malaysia, don’t dress without a properly iron dress, they dress smartly, and wear proper professional shoes – and they catch ‘bad guys’ pretty effective too! So its time, the Australia Police Force buckle up get reformed… Don’t think that big cases are important, and forget the small cases, because it’s the small cases that spiral up to big cases!! Got it man! Maybe the Chief of Police should be replaced!! Get a younger more effective university graduated for that matter, and make sure he is not racist!

URLhttp://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/latest/6660657/indian-govt-angry-after-attack-on-man/ (10th January 2010)
Indian govt angry after attack on man
AAP January 10, 2010, 11:42 am


The Indian government has criticised Australia for failing to prevent attacks on Indian nationals, after the latest incident in which a man was set on fire in Melbourne.

Crime squad investigators say the circumstances leading up to a 29-year-old Indian man, Jaspreet Singh, being set on fire in an alleged attack early on Saturday are "unusual" - but not racially motivated. The man is in hospital in a serious condition with burns to 15 per cent of his body on his hands, face and legs.

A hospital spokesman said he remained in a serious but stable condition on Sunday.

It's alleged he was randomly approached by four men who burned his car and set him on fire.

"I believe there's no reason at this stage to consider this in any way racially motivated," Detective Acting Senior Sergeant Neil Smyth told reporters on Saturday.

"The circumstances of parking a car randomly on a side street and just some people approaching him are a bit strange and it's highly unlikely, therefore, to be a targeted attack on any individual."

But India's Overseas Affairs Minister Vayalar Ravi, who is responsible for Indians working or studying abroad, reacted sharply on Saturday and rebuked Australia for failing to prevent such attacks. "I want to make it loudly clear that the (Australian) government should take preventive action," he said on the sidelines of a conference in Delhi.

"Why cannot they arrest them and put them behind bars and prosecute them? Surely, the Australian police must be efficient enough to mark these people." (Thats why a reform in the Police Force is needed!! Sack the Police Chief and get a more qualified one!!)

"Our government expresses serious concerns and is waiting for results," the minister added.

Police were told the man and his wife left a dinner party in Essendon between 1.30am and 2am on Saturday and drove to their nearby home in Grice Crescent. The man told police he dropped his wife off and then drove to a nearby street to park the car. As he was getting out of the vehicle, four men allegedly attacked him, pushed him back against the vehicle and poured an unknown fluid on him. One of the men is alleged to have then ignited the fluid with a lighter before all four men fled. The man then ran from the car, throwing his burning clothes into the street. He suffered burns to 15 per cent of his body.

The attackers have been described in only a "generalised description which is really just unspecific, just four males", Det Act Snr Sgt Smyth said. "It is an unusual event," he said.

The incident threatens to further fracture relations between Australia and India, which are already strained following a spate of attacks on Indian students.

Meanwhile, Slain Indian student Nitin Garg (an accounting student) will be farewelled in a funeral service on Sunday after his body was flown home to his family. Hundreds of mourners are expected to pay their respects to Mr Garg, whose body will be cremated near his family's home in the northern state of Punjab. Mr Garg, 21, died after he was stabbed in Melbourne's western suburbs last weekend while walking through a park to his workplace at Hungry Jack's late at night.

01 January 2010

Another Security Nuisances & Wastages Spending for 2010

URLhttp://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/world/6635613/obama-summons-intel-chiefs-for-washington-talks/ (1st January 2010)

Obama summons intel chiefs for Washington talks
Jeff Mason, Reuters January 1, 2010, 12:31 pm
KANEOHE, Hawaii (Reuters) - President Barack Obama on Thursday summoned U.S. intelligence chiefs to a meeting next week to discuss how to prevent a repeat of the attempted bombing of a Detroit-bound airliner on December 25.Seeking to quell criticism of his administration over an intelligence breakdown, Obama said he was briefed by his top advisers and would get assessments from intelligence agencies later on Thursday and study them over the weekend before returning to Washington from Hawaii. Obama had ordered an immediate review of what he called "human and systemic failures" that allowed the accused bomber, Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, a 23-year-old Nigerian with alleged links to Islamic militants, to get on the trans-Atlantic flight from Amsterdam.

Comment:

How can you stop someone who wants to bomb-up themself? You cannot !! He doesn't need to get on a plane to BOMB you. All he need to do is to get on a bus full of people, and detonated himself! And at least 40 Americans are gone! Or a building full of people... and you know what happen next. But the real issue here is, why would anyone want to blow-up himself ?? Would you ??

The man in this case is a son of a prominent business man from Nigeria, and not a bitch or drug addict in New York street, definitely he love his life more than the 'low life' drug addict American man... but what push him to do as he does?

I tell you what push him... ITS racism and prejudice, its religious bais, its all talk about civil society (and no real practical application of such ethics in American society), its Arab-phobia, its Islam-phobia (and wrong protrayal of Islam by Western-Jews media), its Palestinian suffering!!

Its 'NO jobs' ... no fair opportunities for the Blacks, Arabs, and Asians... ITS White man prejudices and discriminations... and what are the American policy-makers doing? They spent billions dollars more (on the order of the Jews elites in Washington) on security measures and machines!! What a joke! (But at least, more security is good for the Jews).

Thats not the solution to the 'security problem'. IT should be a fairer USA, a prejudice minimal society, fair job opportunties for all in the USA, better international relations with other countries... and come on, minimize the Jews-relations for a while!! Treat other races more fairly, more equally... Then USA security will not be compromised !! Got that !! (Not to the extend that everyone must undress at the airport, being shouted at by security personnels, have their begs overturn, and a small perfume bottle or hair-cream - being ridiculously stared at for 'fear' of bomb threat !! ).... COME on... Obama can do better public relations than that !! DONT let the Jews Elites pulled you by the nose !!

The American people (of all races and religions) must rally for equal rights and opportunities... and fair treatments!!
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