FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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08 April 2014

Doktor termuda di dunia berasal dari Palestin ! Allah Akbar !


Source:
http://bm.harakahdaily.net/index.php/berita-utama/26983-doktor-termuda-di-dunia-berasal-dari-palestin
(08 April 2014)

Doktor termuda di dunia berasal dari Palestin

APR 08, 2014
 HARAKAHDAILY
Ismail Haniyah sangat menghormati Eqbal Asa’d. Siapa Asa’d? Dia adalah doktor termuda di dunia. Dia berasal dari Palestin.

Haniyah menegaskan Eqbal Asa’d berusia 20 tahun sebagai seorang doktor yang hebat.

Guinness World Records menetapkan Asa’d sebagai doktor termuda di dunia, dipetik blogKembara Hadi.

Asa’d adalah seorang pelarian Palestin yang tinggal di kem pelarian Palestin di Lebanon.

Dia disenaraikan di Weil Cornell Medical Collage di Qatar ketika berusianya baru 14 tahun.

Pada usia 20 tahun, dia mendapat gelaran sarjana di bidang perubatan dengan keputusan yang memuaskan.

Sejak kecil, Asa’d adalah seorang anak genius.

"Seorang anak wanita genius. Seorang gadis yang tamat sekolah rendah pada usia 7 tahun," tulisMi’raj News Agency.

Setiap tiga bulan, secara menakjubkan dia menghabiskan program satu tahun seluruh sekolah. Dia dengan cepat berpindah kelas dengan keputusan yang baik.

"Dia membaca, belajar, berlumba untuk mendapatkan nilai terbaik. Dalam tiga bulan, dia mampu melampaui pelajar kelas barunya," tulis Mi’raj.

Pada usia 12 tahun, dia memperoleh Baccalaureatenya. Kemudian dia ditemui oleh media dan satu penghargaan biasiswa negara asing diterimanya untuk bidang perubatan. Dia menjadi doktor pelatih termuda di dunia di usia 17 tahun.

Asa’d adalah puteri dari seorang pelarian Palestin dari Lembah Bekaa, Lebanon. Kerajaan yang membayar pendidikannya adalah Qatar.

Asa’d bercita-cita ingin membuka klinik di desanya iaitu di Bekaa. Akibat polisi Israel, orang Palestin tidak diberi hak untuk bekerja sebagai peguam dan doktor di Lebanon.

Itulah luar biasanya Palestin. Mereka dijajah Israel. Tapi doktor termuda di dunia berasal dari Palestin.


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