FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

31 December 2016

Cristiano Ronaldo

Source: Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo

Cristiano Ronaldo

Soccer player

Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro, ComM, GOIH is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team. He is a forward and serves as captain for Portugal. Wikipedia

Born: February 5, 1985 (age 31), Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal

Height: 6′ 1″

Salary: 32 million EUR (2016)

Awards: Ballon d'Or, FIFA World Player of the Year, More

Current teams: Real Madrid C.F. (#7 / Forward), Portugal national football team (#7 / Forward)

Siblings: Katia Aveiro, Hugo Aveiro, Elma Aveiro

Cristiano Ronaldo Net Worth: $450 million. Ronaldo is the highest paid footballer in the world with £15 million a year ($21.5m) a year after tax salary. Only Messi can match his yearly salary from club football.

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Comments:

1- Its a wonder, where the Chinese Club get billions of dollars to finance and buy imported players like that?!

2- It is understood that, the move by the Chinese Club is to boost the football professions in China, and for marketing purposes - But still, that's a very large sum of money to throw like that?!

Where did the Chinese Club get that unusually large sum of money?! Because most part of China is still relatively poor.

Sumber:

http://www.utusan.com.my/sukan/bola-sepak/ronaldo-tolak-tawaran-lumayan-rm1-4-bilion-1.426082

Ronaldo tolak tawaran lumayan RM1.4 bilion

31 Disember 2016 12:15 AM

Cristiano Ronaldo

MADRID 30 Dis. – Cristiano Ronaldo menerima tawaran yang tidak diduga bernilai 300 juta euro (RM1.4 bilion) daripada sebuah kelab bola sepak China, namun menolak tawaran lumayan itu kerana mahu kekal bersama Real Madrid.

“Sebuah kelab dari China telah membuat tawaran 300 juta euro kepada Real Madrid dan bersedia membayar lebih 100 juta euro (RM472 juta) setahun kepada pemain itu, namun wang bukan segala-segalanya.

“Real Madrid adalah hidup Cristiano. Dia gembira bersama kelab Sepanyol itu dan tidak mungkin pergi ke China.

“Pasaran di China adalah pasaran baharu. Mereka boleh membeli ramai pemain, namun mustahil untuk membawa masuk Ronaldo,” kata ejen Pemain Terbaik Dunia itu, Jorge Mendes.

Berita mengenai tawaran kepada juara Eropah itu hadir pada hari yang sama penyerang Argentina, Carlos Tevez menyertai kelab Liga Super China, Shanghai Shenhua dari Boca Juniors.

Bagaimanapun tiada maklumat kewangan didedahkan namun laporan media berkata Shenhua membelanjakan 84 juta euro (RM396 juta) untuk mendapatkan bekas penyerang Manchester City dan Manchester United itu.

Minggu lalu, pemain tengah Brazil, Oscar menyertai pencabar Shenhua, Shanghai SIPG dari Chelsea.

SIPG membayar yuran perpindahan 60 juta euro (RM283 juta) untuk mendapatkan perancang Brazil itu.  – REUTERS

- See more at: http://www.utusan.com.my/sukan/bola-sepak/ronaldo-tolak-tawaran-lumayan-rm1-4-bilion-1.426082#sthash.9YSEZsVf.dpuf

New Streets Times (NSTs)

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

31 December 2016

Cristiano Ronaldo

Ronaldo tolak tawaran lumayan RM1.4 bilion

Malaysians Billionaire !