According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].
* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:
Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression .
Malaysia hantar misi kemanusian RM4 juta bantu pelarian Rohingya
BAGAN DATUK 8 Sept. - Malaysia akan menghantar barangan makanan dan peralatan bernilai RM4 juta sebagai bantuan segera kepada pelarian Rohingya yang berlindung di sempadan Bangladesh-Myanmar, esok.
Timbalan Perdana Menteri, Datuk Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi berkata, misi bantuan kemanusiaan itu telah dipersetujui sebulat suara oleh Perdana Menteri, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak dan semua kepimpinan Barisan Nasional (BN) dalam mesyuarat tertinggi parti itu yang diadakan petang tadi.
“Apa yang berlaku terhadap pelarian Rohingya memang tidak boleh diterima akal. Mereka dibunuh sewenang-wenangnya.
“Jadi atas kuasa kemanusiaan juga kerajaan Malaysia mendapat penajaan daripada beberapa syarikat penerbangan untuk membawa bantuan kemanusian ini bagi membantu etnik Rohingya yang lari menyelamatkan diri,” katanya.
Beliau berkata demikian pada majlis kenduri rakyat sempena Program Merdeka Ride 2017 di Dewan Serbaguna JKKK Hutan Melintang dekat sini hari ini. - UTUSAN ONLINE
KUALA LUMPUR 2 Sept. - Angka korban pejuang Tentera Keselamatan Arakan Rohingya (ARSA) yang bertempur dengan tentera dan polis Myanmar sejak seminggu lalu dianggarkan melebihi 400 orang, tidak seperti mana dilaporkan oleh media antarabangsa.
Pengetua Sekolah Rohingya Balakong, Mohammed Junaid Zafar Ahmad berkata, berdasarkan sumber daripada rakan dan saudara-mara terdekat yang masih berada di utara Arakan, pemantauan di lokasi pertempuran mendapati jumlah sebenar pejuang ARSA yang terkorban berkemungkinan besar mencecah 500 orang atau lebih daripada itu.
Dakwanya, kerajaan Myanmar dilaporkan cuba menyembunyikan angka korban sebenar daripada pengetahuan media antarabangsa kerana bimbang dikenakan tindakan tegas oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB).
“Sejak pertempuran berlaku, lebih 120 buah rumah penduduk etnik Islam Rohingya dibakar oleh tentera Myanmar di Kampung Tharay Kone Tan di selatan Maungdaw.
“Selain itu, sekurang-kurangnya 18,500 orang penduduk Rohingya dengan majoriti daripada mereka mengalami masalah kesihatan dan ada yang cedera akibat terkena tembakan telah melarikan diri ke Bangladesh sejak enam hari lalu,” katanya ketika dihubungi Mingguan Malaysia di sini hari ini.
Mohammed Junaid mendakwa, sejak 25 Ogos lalu, tentera dan polis Myanmar telah membunuh kira-kira 3,000 orang penduduk Rohingya, selain membakar kediaman mereka dengan sewenang-wenangnya.
Kata beliau, mereka yang dibunuh tidak mengira jantina sama ada lelaki, wanita atau kanak-kanak.
Look he is so rich
Look he is so popular
Look he is the Best Artists of the Decade Chart
Look he is the greatest artist of the 2000s in a Bracket Madness poll
Look Linkin Park has sold over 100 million records worldwide
SO WHY HE KILLED HIMSELF THEN, IF HE GOT EVERYTHING??
Well, the general statement is that, the rich and famous people who killed themselves, LACKS "happiness" and harmony of the "soul" and self. That is why, we have RELIGION to help stabilized the SOUL and create tranquility and happiness, and self worth/self purpose.
GO get/profess a religion then you know what I mean !
KUALA LUMPUR 21 Julai- Penyanyi Chester Bennington, 41, yang juga penyanyi utama kumpulan Linkin Park meninggal dunia akibat membunuh diri.
Menerusi laporan media antarabangsa, Bennington ditemui menggantung dirinya di dalam sebuah bilik di rumahnya yang terletak di Los Angeles.
Mempunyai enam orang anak menerusi dua perkahwinan, Bennington sebelum ini memang sudah diketahui mempunyai masalah ketagihan dadah dan alkohol.
Penyanyi ini juga pernah menyatakan niat untuk membunuh diri sebelum ini akibat tekanan pernah didera sewaktu kecil.
Sementara itu Linkin Park yang terkenal menerusi beberapa lagu hits mereka diseluruh dunia seperti Faint, In The End dan Crawling juga pernah bekerjasama dengan penyanyi Jay Z. Album mereka berjudul Meteora juga merupakan antara yang terlaris di seluruh dunia.
Kumpulan ini juga pernah mengadakan persembahan di Kuala Lumpur sebanyak dua kali iaitu pada tahun 2003 dan 2013. - UTUSAN ONLINE
Bennington, who had suffered from alcohol and drug addiction, was found dead in his California home AP
Chester Bennington’s band has issued its first statement since he killed himself - speaking of being wracked by “shockwaves of grief and denial”.
“Our hearts are broken. The shockwaves of grief and denial are still sweeping through our family as we come to grips with what has happened,” Linkin Park wrote.
“You touched so many lives, maybe even more than you realised. In the past few days, we've seen an outpouring of love and support, both public and private, from around the world.” The news came on the same day the Los Angeles County coroner confirmed the 41-year-old’s cause of death, saying he had hanged himself.
The coroner’s office said that a half empty bottle of alcohol was found in the room of his home north west of Los Angeles, but that no drug or suicide note were recovered. A full postmortem examination has yet to be scheduled.
As fans of the band around the world have paid tribute to Bennington, the band has cancelled a tour that was scheduled to start this week.
