FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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05 October 2017

Kes bapa liwat anak kandung perempuan: Pertama kali dilakukan semasa tunaikan umrah di Makkah ?!


KOMEN: 

1- Orang pergi Mecca untuk melakukan Haji & Umrah untuk MENAMBAHKAN PAHALA ! 
Bukan nya untuk menambahkan DOSA besar. 

2- LIWAT & rogol anak sampai beratus kali,  ini adalah kes anak pun jahil, ibu pun jahil,  bapak lagi jahil dan syaitan nafsu. 


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Source: 
http://berita.mediacorp.sg/mobilem/world/kes-bapa-liwat-anak-kandung-perempuan-pertama-kali-dilakukan/3821508.html

Kes bapa liwat anak kandung perempuan: Pertama kali dilakukan semasa tunaikan umrah di Makkah

8/9/2017
PUTRAJAYA: Kes bapa yang mengaku bersalah melakukan lebih 600 kesalahan seksual terhadap anak perempuan kandungnya mengejutkan ramai pihak.
Namun, laporan Astro Awani mengenai kes itu membuat ramai orang yang hadir di mahkamah tersentak.
Bapa yang berusia 36 tahun itu didakwa pertama kali meliwat anaknya semasa mengerjakan ibadah umrah di Makkah pada 3 April 2015 semasa mangsa berusia 13 tahun.
Mangsa mendakwa dihempap dari belakang semasa tertuduh meliwatnya.
Malah, terdapat satu kejadian di mana mangsa menjerit kesakitan.
Itu antara sebahagian daripada ratusan siri trauma dan keperitan dilalui mangsa yang diceritakan di hadapan Hakim Yong Zarida Sazali.
Laporan Astro Awani menambah bahawa turut dibacakan adalah laporan perubatan dari dua buah hospital yang menjalankan pemeriksaan terhadap mangsa.
Memetik laporan perubatan obstetrik dan ginekologi (O&G) sebuah hospital kerajaan, terdapat kesan luka lama pada kemaluan mangsa.
Selain itu, laporan perubatan pembedahan awam hospital berlainan turut mendapati ada luka baru pada mangsa.
Awal sebelum itu, Bernama melaporkan bahawa tertuduh dihukum penjara selama 48 tahun dan disebat sebanyak 24 kali selepas mengaku bersalah atas 623 kesalahan jenayah seksual terhadap anak perempuan kandungnya yang berusia 15 tahun.
Kes itu mendapat perhatian ramai kerana ini kali pertama seorang tertuduh menghadapi pertuduhan yang sangat banyak dan Peguam Negara Mohamed Apandi Ali sebelum ini juga mengesahkan lelaki itu merupakan tertuduh pertama di negara ini yang didakwa atas beratus-ratus pertuduhan melibatkan jenayah serangan seksual.
Aduan polis mengenai kejadian dan perbuatan lelaki itu dibuat oleh bekas isteri tertuduh pada 25 Julai lalu.
- Agensi berita/RU/ru


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