FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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09 February 2018

Luxury condo burglary gang busted !!



Source:
https://malaysia.yahoo.com/news/luxury-condo-burglary-gang-busted-121048271.html


Luxury condo burglary gang busted in Klang raid, police solve 70 cases nationwide

 MOHAMED BASYIR,New Straits Times
GEORGE TOWN: Penang police busted a luxury condominium burglary gang here with the arrest of a couple in Klang, Selangor on Saturday.
State police chief Datuk A. Thaiveegan said police managed to track down the 38-year-old husband and his wife, 35, at a house in Klang following a tip-off from the public, before making the arrest.
The raiding party also seized numerous valuable items worth RM300,000, including branded watches, foreign currency and a Toyota Vellfire, from the couple.
Police are still looking for three other men, in their 30s and 40s, who are believed to be gang members involved in the burglary activities since 2015.
The husband had past criminal records for drug-related offences and robbery, while his wife has no previous record.
"We believe they are involved in 70 cases nationwide in Peninsular Malaysia, involving total losses of over RM1 million. For Penang alone, there were 20 cases.
"The couple originated from Perak. We believe they go out to other states and commit the robberies before coming back with their loot," he told a press conference today.
Meanwhile, northeast district police chief Assistant Commissioner Anuar Omar said that the gang members would usually rent a condominium unit for an indefinite period and monitor the surroundings to track down potential victims, before embarking on their crime spree.
"This is a professional burglary gang and their actions will never arouse suspicion," he said.
The latest case in Penang was reported on Jan 30, at the home in Gelugor here.
"They even have electroshock devices to stun their victims," he added.
Police have yet to identify the remaining three gang members.
The couple have been remanded until tomorrow and the police will apply to extend their remand.



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