FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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09 April 2018

Pegawai polis pun jadi gangster ?!



SOURCE:
https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2018/04/329043/pegawai-polis-pun-jadi-gangster#cxrecs_s


Pegawai polis pun jadi gangster ?! 


Norzamira Che Noh
cnews@nstp.com.my

PEGAWAI polis berpangkat Asisten Superintendan dan dua anggota polis antara 63 individu ditahan melalui dua operasi membanteras kegiatan kongsi gelap di negeri ini.
Dalam operasi dijalankan Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah (JSJ) Selangor sejak 29 Mac hingga petang semalam, semua yang ditahan disyaki terbabit dalam dua kumpulan kongsi gelap iaitu Geng 08 dan Geng 18.
Turut ditahan, dua individu berstatus Datuk dan Datuk Seri dan penahanan itu dipercayai melumpuhkan kedua-dua kumpulan kongsi gelap terbabit.


Ketua Polis Selangor Datuk Mazlan Mansor berkata, operasi Cantas Khas dinamakan Ops Spider (Geng 08) dan Ops Api Reload (Geng 18) turut mendapat bantuan daripada Pasukan Petugas Khas Jenayah Terancang (STAFOC), Pasukan Tindakan Khas (STAGG), Bahagian D8 (Operasi Khas) dan Bahagian D9 (Siasatan Khas) Bukit Aman.
Beliau berkata, turut membantu operasi berkenaan pasukan Akta Pengubahan Wang Haram (AMLA) dan Urus Setia Ketua Polis Negara (KPN).
“JSJ Selangor menyasarkan 83 ahli geng berkenaan yang bergiat aktif dan sehingga kini, 63 diberkas iaitu 36 ahli Geng 08 dan 27 orang ahli Geng 18.
“Daripada jumlah berkenaan, polis menahan seorang berstatus Datuk Seri dan Datuk manakala seorang pegawai polis berpangkat ASP dan dua lagi masing-masing berpangkat Sarjan Mejar dan konstabel,” katanya pada sidang media di Ibu Pejabat Kontinjen (IPK) Selangor, di Shah Alam, hari ini.
Beliau berkata, semua suspek berusia 23 hingga 60 tahun itu ditahan di beberapa negeri iaitu Selangor, Pahang, Perak, Kelantan, Johor, Melaka dan Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur 2 (klia2).
“Semua yang ditahan adalah ahli aktif dan dipercayai terbabit dalam kumpulan jenayah terancang.
“JSJ Selangor masih mengesan 24 lagi suspek yang sudah disenarai hitam sebagai orang dikehendaki polis,” katanya.
Mazlan berkata, dalam serbuan itu, JSJ turut merampas sepucuk pistol, pelbagai jenis kenderaan termasuk empat motosikal, sejumlah barang kemas, 73 telefon bimbit, wang tunai berjumlah RM17,000 serta parang.
“Selain itu, pasukan AMLA mengambil tindakan pembekuan dan penyitaan harta milik semua tangkapan iaitu 38 akaun bank, empat hartanah, 11 kereta, dua motosikal berkuasa tinggi, wang tunai RM16,800 dan 72 bentuk barang kemas bernilai RM100,000.
“Jumlah keseluruhan rampasan setakat ini adalah RM3.16 juta,” katanya.
Mazlan berkata, polis Selangor percaya penangkapan berkenaan dapat menyelesaikan kira-kira 40 kes jenayah serius di Selangor antaranya kes bunuh di Jeram pada Januari lalu, kes tembak dan bunuh di hadapan sebuah sekolah di Serdang, kes melepaskan tembakan di rumah di Serdang dan banyak lagi.
Katanya, semua suspek ditahan reman selama 28 hari mengikut peruntukan Seksyen 4 (5) Akta Kesalahan Keselamatan (Langkah-Langkah Khas) SOSMA 2012.
“Siasatan dijalankan mengikut Seksyen 130V Kanun Keseksaan, Seksyen 130W Kanun Keseksaan dan Seksyen 4 (1) Akta Pencegahan Penggubahan Wang Haram Pencegahan Pembiayaan Keganasan iaitu Perolehan Hasil Aktiviti Haram (AMLATFPUAA 2001),” katanya.


Artikel ini disiarkan pada : Isnin, 9 April 2018 @ 4:46 PM


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