FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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03 April 2012

Safee Sali to Earn RM90,000 a Month !

Comment:

It is estimate that the Malaysian Safee Sali will earn about USD30,000 a month (RM90,000-RM120,000), that's equivalent to the official monthly salary of a minister in Malaysia, or a YEAR salary of a professor in Malaysia !!

And you think that USD30,000 a month is so much, think again!  Ronaldo earns 20 times more and that does not include the many advertisements and ambassador of products and images and the payment that Ronaldo received !!  

Again, one would wonder how the ministers in Malaysia manage to own many big houses and luxury apartments with the official gazetted salary of RM45,000 a month or less. Think again?!

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(3rd April 2012)

Safee Sali to earn RM90,000 a month
By Ajitpal Singh

SAFEE Sali is officially the first local millionaire footballer after he signed an improved two-year contract extension with Indonesian Super League (ISL) side Pelita Jaya FC in Jakarta today.

The deal which the 28-year-old inked is worth more than RM2 million and includes an extensive match bonus package, a house and a car with a personal driver.

Safee’s taxes will be paid by the club, as well as any travelling expenses to Kuala Lumpur.
According to the contract, Safee will earn US$30,000 (RM90,000) a month, which will also make him one of the highest earners in the ISL.

Safee will also receive an additional ‘image rights’ package managed by the club for all commercial endorsements.

The contract also has a levy which could see the striker playing for a subsidiary club owned by Pelita Jaya Cronus, “depending on the various rules of the respective leagues.”

These clubs include Australia's Brisbane Roar, who will be playing in this year’s AFC Champions League, Belgium’s second division team CS Vise and SAD Uruguay.

All three clubs are owned by Cronus. “My football has improved so much and even my peers have commented on it since I moved to Indonesia last February,” said Safee in Jakarta today.


Read more: Safee Sali to earn RM90,000 a month - Top News - New Straits Times http://www.nst.com.my/top-news/safee-sali-to-earn-rm90-000-a-month-1.40276#ixzz1qywbwCFv


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