FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:


Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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12 November 2014

HIGH Income Malaysia, BUT the people Remains POOR ?!



PROBLEMS:

1- WHY Malaysia registered HIGH income status?

That's because the economy are controlled by the elite Malays, Chinese and a few elite Indians. And their 'earnings' bloom by the days! The elite consists of 5-10 percent of the population, and they are the ones that actually controlled the economy.

2- The prices of houses are going up rocket, but people still BUY, they must be really RICH ?

NO, no... these houses are bought by the elite rich Malays and Chinese, who have the wealth to do so. Some owning 10 houses or more. While the lower income group could not even afford a single home!  More so for fresh graduated, and Grade 17 civil servants and private sector staff  [Who would be lucky to purchase a home after 10-20 years working and living by renting houses, and saving the small income].

Tun Daim is RIGHT when he said "... for average Malaysians whose wages have remain stagnant for 20 years."  Salary of workers raise too LITTLE or SLOW to counter the HIGH costs of living today. That means, more SPENDING on meals/foods, amenities, paying bills, and LESS savings for the future!  That also means that the lower income group could not BUY a single house, with their little savings [and IF they are lucky enough, or smart enough to save their small income, they would only be able to purchase a home in 10-20 years time].


SOLUTIONS:

1- Please review and restructure the SALARY scheme of civil servant (and also the salary of private sector workers), to reflect the 'developed' country status (i.e. Malaysia as a developed country by 2020, means Malaysia SHOULD offer a first world or 'developed country' salary scheme to its workers).  

2- BUILD more home for the lower income group, QUALITY home please ! The government needs to ensure that only quality houses are built, according to international standards and criteria.

3- Please put more efforts in transforming the public transport system, I would love to take public transport IF only it is more efficient and effective, OKU friendly, the drivers are well-trained, and well-mannered - 'Service with a SMILE' !


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Source:
https://my.news.yahoo.com/high-income-status-meaningless-people-stay-poor-daim-103100361.html

High-income status meaningless if people stay poor, Daim says




KUALA LUMPUR, Nov 11 — Achieving high-income nation status will be hollow if most Malaysians still cannot afford their own homes or put food on their table, former finance minister Tun Daim Zainuddin said today.
In an indictment of the government’s development plans, Daim said the apparent rise in income inequality in Malaysia showed Putrajaya lacked the right policies to grow household income despite boasting of steady growth.
“It is meaningless that in our drive towards a high-income country, many of our brothers and sisters, sons, and daughters, neighbours still earn less than the poverty level.
“It is meaningless to thump our chest and proclaim that we are becoming a high-income developed country, if many of our brothers and sisters cannot afford to own a decent home,” Daim said in his keynote address on the launch of the book “The Colours of Inequality” here.
Last week a joint paper by the Universiti of Malaya (UM) and Khazanah Research Institute revealed that income inequality in Malaysia is worsening despite the national household income survey (HIS) showing the opposite.
The paper titled “Is inequality in Malaysia really going down?” observed that the value of residential property purchased by high-end buyers has grown more rapidly than the property purchased by low-end buyers over the years.
Daim noted today that home ownership has become a major problem for average Malaysians whose wages have remain stagnant for 20 years.
“Financial asset, or a lack of it, is a serious issue. Majority of Malaysians, across all ethnic groups, have extremely limited savings. This exposes them to great risks if emergencies occur.
“Property ownership is a cause for great concern with many Malaysians, especially those below the age of 40... housing has now become a financial asset class; in fact it has become an instrument of speculation, rather than something for us to live in,” he said.
The former finance minister then said the nation’s progress must not be measured solely in financial terms, but also needed to include the well-being of its citizens.
Putrajaya has launched various transformation programmes as part of its bid to make Malaysia a high-income and developed nation by 2020.
According to the government, the country’s gross national income (GNI) per capita has increased from US$7,059 (RM22,860) in 2009 to US$10,060 (RM32,600) last year, leaving the country with six years to hit the US$15,000 (RM48,577) target in 2020.

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