FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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29 December 2015

Sarawak Minister Marriage to 27-year-old !!


Source:
https://sg.news.yahoo.com/sarawak-minister-raises-eyebrows-may-december-marriage-27-110800159.html?nhp=1 

Sarawak minister raises eyebrows with May-December marriage to 27-year-old
BY SULOK TAWIE
The Malay Mail Online
December 28, 2015

KUCHING, Dec 28 — Tongues are wagging over Sarawak federal minister Datuk Joseph Entulu Belaun’s recent marriage to a woman 34 years his junior, after photos of their wedding were posted on social media.
A number of Sarawakians across several social media platforms were generally supportive and congratulated the 61-year-old minister in the Prime Minister’s Department over his marriage last Saturday to 27-year old Jacklyne Anthony, but others found their match incredulous.
“We can only wish them a happy marriage. Maybe, they have their first baby next year,” said Facebook user Michael Moh.




View photos
Joseph Entulu and Jacklyne Anthony on their wedding day. — Picture courtesy of Facebook/Bit Surang
Loti Kong said the age gap is no barrier to a happy married life while Eldric Wong remarked that Entulu is still strong in performing his duties as a husband.
Tiffany Myra remarked that Entulu is old enough to be Jacklyne’s “apai” (father) while Mark Kadir reckoned that the minister’s new mother-in-law could be far younger than him.
“She can call him uncle,” Kadir said in jest.
This is Entulu’s third marriage, after his earlier two ended in divorce. According to a close friend of the family who declined to be named, Entulu has two sons and a daughter from his first marriage.
According to the same friend, Entulu divorced from his second wife earlier this year. His current wife, Jacklyne is understood to work in a kindergarten and this is her first marriage.
The Selangau MP who is also Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS) deputy president tied the knot with Jacklyne in a garden ceremony witnessed by family members, relatives and close friends which was followed by a dinner reception at a hotel in Mukah.
Among those present at the wedding dinner were Sarawak Assistant Minister of Native Adat and Penan Affairs Datuk John Sikie, political secretary to Sarawak Chief Minister, Dr Richard Will Uban, political secretary in the Prime Minister’s Department Adriana Chumang Nyambong.
Another notable Sarawak political personality in a May-December marriage is former chief minister-turned-Governor Tun Abdul Taib Mahmud, who at 74 years old, married 30-year old Syrian Ragad Waleed Al -Kurdi, in 2010.



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