FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

12 December 2017

Bekas ketua polis daerah, isteri disambung Reman ?!

Source:
http://www.utusan.com.my/berita/jenayah/reman-bekas-ketua-polis-daerah-isteri-disambung-1.571477

Reman bekas ketua polis daerah, isteri disambung

BEKAS Ketua Polis Daerah yang didakwa melakukan rasuah dan salah laku dibawa ke mahkamah untuk mendapat perintah sambung reman bagi membantu siasatan. Turut direman, isterinya serta seorang ahli perniagaan wanita. - UTUSAN/ZULKARNAIN MOHD SAIDIN

Rokiah Abdullah

IPOH 12 Dis. - Mahkamah Majistret di sini hari ini membenarkan tempoh reman bekas Ketua Polis Daerah Taiping berpangkat Asisten Komisioner, isterinya serta seorang ahli perniagaan wanita disambung empat hari lagi bagi membantu siasatan melibatkan kes rasuah dan salah laku.

Majistret Nurul Hafizah Mohammad Pauzi membenarkan ketiga-tiga suspek yang berumur 59, 54 dan 34 tahun ditahan reman selama empat hari lagi bermula esok sehingga 16 Disember depan selepas menerima permohonan Timbalan Pendakwaraya Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Malaysia (SPRM), Nurul Wahida Jalaludin.

Mahkamah pada 8 Oktober lalu membenarkan ketiga-tiga mereka ditahan reman selama lima hari sehingga hari ini.

Terdahulu ketiga-tiga mereka yang memakai baju lokap SPRM warna jingga tiba di mahkamah kira-kira pukul 11 pagi dengan menaiki dua kenderaan berbeza sebelum keluar semula menaiki kenderaan sama lebih sejam kemudian.

Pada 8 Disember lalu, pegawai tinggi polis itu ditahan bagi membantu siasatan kes menyalahgunakan kedudukan serta menerima rasuah sebanyak RM70,000 daripada seorang ahli perniagaan wanita untuk majlis perkahwinan anaknya pada Februari lalu.

Pegawai polis berusia 59 tahun yang kini bertugas di Ibu pejabat Polis Kontinjen (IPK) Perak, isterinya dan ahli perniagaan wanita itu ditahan di pejabat SPRM Perak kira-kira pukul 7.30 malam, 7 Disember lalu ketika hadir untuk memberikan keterangan.

Ahli perniagaan itu yang disyaki mempunyai kepentingan dengan pegawai polis tersebut, telah memasukkan wang melalui dua transaksi iaitu RM20,000 dan RM50,000 melalui akaun bank milik isterinya.

Susulan tangkapan itu, penggeledahan telah dibuat di rumah pegawai polis tersebut dan pasukan penyiasat SPRM telah menemukan wang tunai berjumlah hampir RM1 juta dalam kotak kasut dan peti besi beserta barang kemas.- UTUSAN ONLINE

Artikel Penuh: http://www.utusan.com.my/berita/jenayah/reman-bekas-ketua-polis-daerah-isteri-disambung-1.571477#ixzz5123bn7xk
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New Streets Times (NSTs)

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

12 December 2017

Bekas ketua polis daerah, isteri disambung Reman ?!

Reman bekas ketua polis daerah, isteri disambung

Malaysians Billionaire !