FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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16 November 2018

Geng pecah rumah guna dron tumpas !!




Source:
https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2018/11/395243/geng-pecah-rumah-guna-dron-tumpas-metrotv

Geng pecah rumah guna dron tumpas



Nur Aqidah Azizi
nur@nstp.com.my

POLIS menumpaskan sebuah kumpulan penjenayah yang menggunakan dron bagi mengawasi kawasan sasaran rompakan sebagai modus operandi dengan tangkapan empat suspek di Taman Merpati, Seremban, semalam.
Suspek diberkas sepasukan anggota Ibu Pejabat Polis Daerah (IPD) Seremban dua jam selepas melakukan jenayah itu di taman perumahan terbabit dan turut membawa kepada penemuan wang tunai berjumlah RM514,275.
Ketua Polis Daerah Seremban Asisten Komisioner Thiew Hock Poh berkata, pihaknya menerima aduan daripada mangsa yang kerugian RM350,000 selepas rumahnya dipecah masuk, jam 3.15 petang semalam.


Katanya, berdasarkan maklumat awam, polis berjaya menjejaki dan memberkas dua suspek lelaki berusia 23 dan 27 di sebuah hotel di Seremban sebelum memberkas seorang lagi lelaki berusia 47 tahun dan seorang wanita warga asing berusia 22 tahun di lokasi sama. 


“Polis kemudian dibawa suspek ke sebuah bilik hotel berkenaan dan menemui wang tunai sebanyak RM206,550 serta lapan utas jam tangan mewah, enam resit pembelian barang kemas, rantai serta subang emas dan perak,” katanya dalam sidang media di pejabatnya, hari ini.
Thiew berkata, siasatan lanjut turut menemukan wang tunai RM260,000 di dalam satu daripada tiga kenderaan milik suspek yang terdiri daripada Toyota Velfire dan dua Honda City yang diletakkan di tempat letak kereta hotel berkenaan.
Selain itu katanya, polis turut menemui peralatan pecah rumah, dua komputer riba, kad pengenalan milik individu lain, pelbagai nombor pendaftaran kereta dan lesen memandu dipercayai milik mangsa.
“Satu set dron dan alat kawalan jauh turut ditemui. Berdasarkan siasatan awal, suspek mengakui dron digunakan bagi mengawasi kawasan sasaran ketika mereka sedang melakukan rompakan,” katanya.
Katanya, suspek dipercayai menggunakan kereta mewah dan menunjukkan kad pengenalan orang lain untuk memasuki kawasan perumahan yang dikawal oleh pengawal keselamatan.
“Mereka kemudiannya akan menekan loceng rumah sasaran dan sekiranya tidak dijawab, mereka akan mula memecah masuk rumah berkenaan,” katanya.
Thiew berkata, ujian saringan air kencing terhadap keempat-empat suspek mendapati semua suspek lelaki positif dadah jenis methamphetamine.
Katanya, pihaknya percaya berjaya menyelesaikan sekurang-kurangnya 11 kes pecah rumah di negeri ini, lapan kes di Selangor, Kuala Lumpur (3) Perak (4) dan lapan kes di Johor dengan tumpasnya kumpulan yang dipercayai bergerak aktif sejak awal tahun ini.
“Siasatan awal juga mendapati, kumpulan ini turut memilih untuk menginap di hotel bagi mengelak dikesan. Mereka juga beberapa kali menginap di hotel yang sama sebelum ini,” katanya.
Katanya, keempat-empat suspek direman tujuh hari bermula hari ini sehingga 20 November ini bagi membantu siasatan mengikut Seksyen 457 Kanun Keseksaan.

Artikel ini disiarkan pada : Rabu, 14 November 2018


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