FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:


Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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31 March 2019

Dr M: Bumiputeras don’t know how to handle money, spend frivolously !




Source:
https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/dr-m-bumiputras-don-t-033431038.html


Dr M: Bumiputeras don’t know how to handle money, spend frivolously

Yiswaree Palansamy


Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad said that he has now pinned his hopes on the younger Bumiputras who have displayed promising traits. — Picture by Sayuti Zainudin


KUALA LUMPUR, March 30 — Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad has lamented that his fellow Bumiputeras are not efficient when it comes to managing their finances, and tend to spend on unnecessary things.
This, he said, is why the existing 30 per cent Bumiputera shareholding quota in listed companies is necessary.
In an interview with Focus Malaysia, the Langkawi MP said the Malay community must also realise that it is by doing business that they can alleviate their economic standing but this also required discipline.
“What is the alternative? As far as I can see, the Bumiputeras are not business oriented, while the other communities are very business oriented.
“The Bumiputeras still do not know how to handle or manage money, because money to them is something to spend, not to invest.
“So even when they borrow money for capital, part of the money is spent on buying things that have nothing to do with the business,” he told the business weekly.
Dr Mahathir, however, said that he has now pinned his hopes on the younger Bumiputeras who have displayed promising traits.
He said that there is hope that this group would be able to change their value system and practices so that they can be better business managers.
“They can even design airplanes. The younger people give us much hope but they must also remember that they are doing business to also reduce the disparity of income between the Bumiputera and the others.
“The best thing is for the Malays to realise that only through business can they prosper and business requires discipline,” he added.
Dr Mahathir also said that the PH administration has also decided not to engage in direct negotiation with companies, especially Malay companies.
However, he said that the Malay community is marginalised as they do not receive contracts from the private sector and cautioned of a greater disparity between races.
He said that without the direct negotiation practice or limited tender, “almost invariably the Malay companies fail”.
“Invariably, if anyone in the private sector wants to build a bridge, the Malay companies never get it, except when they are attached to some non-Malay companies,” Dr Mahathir said, lamenting that the alleged practice is also not questioned.
“The private sector contracts do not go to the Malays and the government contracts also do not go to the Malays. What you are going to see is greater disparity between the races,” he added.



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Source:
https://www.mynewshub.tv/hangat/anak-tun-m-miliki-18-kereta-mewah-bernilai-rm36-juta/




Anak Tun M Miliki 18 Kereta Mewah Bernilai RM36 Juta?


MENGEJUTKAN! Anak mantan Perdana Menteri, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad iaitu Tan Sri Mokhzani Mahathir dikatakan memiliki kekayaan luar biasa dalam tempoh masa yang singkat hingga mampu memiliki koleksi kereta bernilai RM36.2 juta.
Dakwaan tersebut dibuat oleh Presiden Pertubuhan Jaringan Melayu Malaysia (JMM), Azwanddin Hamzah. Katanya, Mokhzani memiliki 18 buah kereta mewah pelbagai jenama.

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29 March 2019

GAJI GRADUAN MAKIN TURUN ?!



Source: 28 March 2019 
 
https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2019/03/546414/kos-operasi-tinggi-kurang-daya-maju-punca-gaji-permulaan-graduan-tak


Kos operasi tinggi, kurang daya maju punca gaji permulaan graduan tak naik !



Sementara itu, gaji pemegang ijazah sarjana muda adalah RM1,983 pada 2018 berbanding RM1,993 pada 2010, manakala pemegang ijazah sarjana memperoleh gaji RM2,707, penurunan daripada RM2,923 pada 2010. - Foto hiasan


Kos operasi tinggi, kurang daya maju punca gaji permulaan graduan tak naik





KUALA LUMPUR: Kos operasi tinggi disebabkan pinjaman bank dalam kalangan perniagaan terutama perusahaan kecil dan sederhana (PKS) di negara ini dikenal pasti antara punca gaji permulaan graduan tidak naik sejak 2010.
Pengurus Pembangunan Perniagaan Putra Business School (PBS), Prof Madya Dr Ahmed Razman Abdul Latiff, berkata PKS dibelenggu komitmen hutang berikutan kos pinjaman yang tinggi sehingga majikan tidak lagi mampu membayar gaji tinggi kepada pekerja.
Dr Ahmed Razman berkata, kira-kira 1.4 juta PKS menyumbang kepada 60 peratus tenaga kerja di Malaysia namun kebanyakan mereka sukar mendapat pembiayaan bank pada kadar faedah yang rendah.
“Bagaimana majikan nak naikkan gaji pekerja, jika mereka juga dibebani kos operasi yang tinggi? Di sini, agensi penyedia pinjaman seperti SME Bank perlu memainkan peranan di mana agensi ini sepatutnya memberi pinjaman mudah kepada PKS tanpa kadar bunga.
“Agensi bank pula boleh keluarkan syarat, jika mahu dapatkan pinjaman, majikan perlu menggaji graduan. Jika syarikat berjaya catat keuntungan, hasil cukai akan dibayar kepada kerajaan dan agensi seperti SME Bank boleh tuntut semula cukai ini.
“Sebagai contoh, syarikat berkenaan bayar cukai sebanyak 24 peratus, 4.0 peratus daripada hasil cukai itu boleh dituntut oleh atau disalurkan kepada SME Bank sebagai balasan terhadap pinjaman mudah ini. Dalam hal ini, bank kekal berdaya tahan dan syarikat juga mampu menjana keuntungan dan dapat salurkan kepada tenaga kerjanya,” katanya ketika dihubungi BH, hari ini.
Pengurus Pembangunan Perniagaan Putra Business School (PBS), Prof Madya Dr Ahmed Razman Abdul Latiff.
Beliau mengulas Laporan Tahunan Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) 2018 kelmarin yang mana antara dapatan bank pusat itu ialah gaji permulaan kebanyakan graduan di negara ini menurun sejak 2010 selepas mengambil kira faktor inflasi.
Graduan berkelulusan diploma mendapat gaji sebanyak RM1,376 pada 2018 berbanding RM1,458 pada 2010.
Sementara itu, gaji pemegang ijazah sarjana muda adalah RM1,983 pada 2018 berbanding RM1,993 pada 2010, manakala pemegang ijazah sarjana memperoleh gaji RM2,707, penurunan daripada RM2,923 pada 2010.
Ditanya adakah struktur ekonomi dan dasar kerajaan yang menjadi faktor menjejaskan kebolehpasaran siswazah, Dr Ahmed Razman berkata, agensi pemberi pinjaman perlu lebih fleksibel dalam menyalurkan pinjaman dengan tidak terhad kepada syarikat PKS berskala besar sahaja.
“Trend sekarang, jika PKS berskala kecil nak dapatkan pinjaman, mesti ditolak. Apa kata ubah syarat kelayakan, di mana pastikan majikan ambil graduan dalam organisasinya.
“Di negara ini ada 1.4 juta PKS, jika satu syarikat ambil seorang siswazah bekerja, masalah gaji graduan ini akan selesai,” katanya.
Mengulas mengenai isu pengangguran dalam kalangan graduan, beliau berkata, gaji yang rendah menyebabkan graduan tidak bermotivasi dan kurang berminat untuk bekerja dalam syarikat PKS.
“Jangan kata mereka memilih kerja sebab selepas tamat pengajian mereka bermotivasi untuk cari kerja namun sekarang adalah isu kos sara hidup yang tinggi dan juga perniagaan tak mampu bagi gaji tinggi.
“Gaji munasabah pula bergantung kepada lokasi bekerja dan tempat tinggal. Setiap lokasi berbeza kos sara hidup dan gaji yang mereka dapat haruslah mampu memberikan pendapatan boleh guna setiap bulan,” katanya.




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24 March 2019

Experts: ‘Social contract’ never in the Constitution






Experts: ‘Social contract’ never in the Constitution



Read more at https://ww




PETALING JAYA: The term “social contract” does not appear in the Federal Constitution and its misuse by some in society is worrying, say experts.
Moderation advocate Mohamed Tawfik Ismail said there was no such phrase as a “social contract” during the drafting of the Federal Constitution.
He said while the Constitution sought to address three issues, which were non-Malays’ citizenship, the national language and the special position of the Malays, it did not explicitly outline a social contract.
Muhamad Tawfik is the son of former de­­pu­­ty prime mi­­nis­ter Tun Dr Ismail Abdul Rahman, who was part of the delegation sent to London to negotiate terms of independence for Malaya.

He said the phrase was in fact coined by the late politician-cum-journalist Tan Sri Abdullah Ahmad in 1986, which almost 30 years after independence.
Abdullah had in a speech in Singapore said that the “political system of Malay dominance was born out of the sacrosanct social contract which preceded national indepen­dence”.
As such, Abdullah urged that the Malaysian political system preserve the Malay position and meet Malay expectations.

Setting things straight: (from left) Mohamed Tawfik, Dr Lim and Dr Shad speaking at the forum at Universiti Malaya.

Since then, Abdullah’s definition of “social contract” has been appropriated by politicians.
“People have been talking about the social contract as though it was a real thing but Abdullah is a politician all the way.
“(Social contract) is actually a fiction.
“As far as the political parties are concerned, I can safely say that not one MP has defended the Constitution as they should and as they have sworn to do,” Mohamed Tawfik said at a forum titled “Social Contract and Its Relevancy in Contemporary Malaysia” at Universiti Malaya yesterday.

Public policy analyst Dr Lim Teck Ghee said Abdullah’s notion of a “social contract” was often repeated by Barisan Nasional and their supporters, and had now become an unquestionable truth in public consciousness.
Abdullah, he said, was more concerned about continuing the National Economic Policy, which was reaching its end in 1990.
Lim said the “social contract” phrase was never used by the Merdeka leaders and members of the Reid Commission, which was the body responsible for drafting the Constitution prior to Independence.
“The great majority of Malays accept the social contract as part of the Constitution.<---- font="">

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Comments: 
1-True that the concept "Social Contract is not mentioned directly in the Federal Constitution, BUT
2-The Federal Constitution can be considered a sort of "Social Contract." 
3-Vis-a-vis its contents, and the draft articles that was drawn-up among the various political leaders and parties, during the formation of the independence of Malaya (Malaysia).
4-More so, a few articles on 'Affirmative Actions' and 'national interests' , namely, Article 152, Article 153, and Article 11, Article 12  are mentioned directly.  
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Constitutional law expert Emeritus Prof Datuk Dr Shad Saleem Faruqi said while the phrase “social contract” was not in the Constitution, what is more important is to fulfill its negotiated compromises.
Prof Shad urged that government policies must be aligned with Article 153 of the Constitution which has the spirit of affirmative action.
He said while the Constitution had provisions for the special position of Malays, it was “hedged in by limitations”.
“It is not across the board, it applies only in four areas: federal public service positions, federal scholarships, federal trade or business licences and tertiary education enrollment.
“The Constitution has a very important outline for affirmative action that can’t be denied.
“There are many communities still left behind, so we must review the workings of our affirmative action policy, for the orang asli, women or anyone who has been left behind so they can benefit from constitutional protection,” Prof Shad said.
He addressed some misconceptions about the Constitution, and explained that the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination does not contravene Article 153.
He also said the Constitution actually stipulated that federal posts were open to all races, barring a few exceptions.....





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More than NZ$10.8m donated to help families in mosque shooting !



Source:
https://www.thesundaily.my/world/more-than-nz-10-8m-donated-to-help-families-in-mosque-shooting-CY717545

More than NZ$10.8m donated to help families in mosque shooting

24 MAR 2019 / 09:53 H.

More than NZ$10.8m donated to help families in mosque shooting
A view of the Al Noor Mosque on Deans Avenue in Christchurch, New Zealand, taken in 2014. — Reuters



CHRISTCHURCH: More than NZ$10.8 million (RM30.2 million) in public donations has been received so far to help families of the 50 people killed in New Zealand’s mosque shootings, according to a pair of fund-raising websites.
A support fund on New Zealand site GiveaLittle.co.nz had received NZ$8,271,847 from more than 91,000 donors as of today, while LaunchGood.com, a global crowdfunding platform focused on Muslims, had netted NZ$2,546,126 from over 40,000 donors.
The slaughter of 50 people at Friday prayers in two Christchurch mosques on March 15 shocked the normally laid-back country and prompted global horror, heightened by the gunman’s cold-blooded livestreaming of the massacre.
Since then, New Zealanders have responded with an outpouring of support for the country’s small Muslim community.
New Zealand’s Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said last week that the country would cover the costs of burying the 50 victims as well as “repatriation costs for any family members who would like to move their loved ones away from New Zealand”.
The attack also left dozens of people injured, some critically.
Brenton Tarrant, a 28-year-old Australian white supremacist, was arrested within minutes of the massacre and has been charged with murder. — AFP




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16 March 2019

War crime investigators will be barred from entering US ?!



Source:
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/war-crimes-investigators-international-criminal-court-barred-us-visas-mike-pompeo-secretary-of-state-a8825731.html
16 March 2019

War crime investigators will be barred from entering US, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo says

ICC staff probing Israel may also face restrictions




War crimes investigators working for the International Criminal Court (ICC) will be barred from entering America if they probe the actions of the country's soldiers in Afghanistan and other locations, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo has said 
Suggesting they would not be granted visas, he said: "We are determined to protect the American and allied military and civilian personnel from living in fear of unjust prosecution for actions taken to defend our great nation."
A spokesperson for the ICC said that it was an independent and impartial institution and would continue its work "undeterred" by Washington's actions.

A prosecutor currently has a pending request to investigate actions of US troops in Afghanistan.

The Trump administration said restrictions may also be placed on investigators examining alleged war crimes involving Israel. 
The visa restrictions will apply to any ICC employee who takes or has taken action "to request or further such an investigation" into allegations against US forces and their allies in Afghanistan that include forced disappearances and torture, Mr Pompeo said.
The new policy is designed to deter the investigators, he added. 
"These visa restrictions may also be used to deter ICC efforts to pursue allied personnel, including Israelis, without allies' consent," he said.  "If you are responsible for the proposed ICC investigation of US personnel in connection with the situation in Afghanistan, you should not assume that you still have or will get a visa or will be permitted to enter the United States." 


The US is not and has never been an ICC signatory but Afghanistan is one of the 123 countries which signed the treaty founding the international court.


"We are prepared to take additional steps, including economic sanctions, if the ICC does not change its course," Mr Pompeo said, adding: "The first and highest obligation of our government is to protect its citizens and this administration will carry out that duty. The ICC, as a court of law, will continue to do its independent work, undeterred, in accordance with its mandate and the overarching principle of the rule of law." 
Mr Pompeo's announcement was criticised by Human Rights Watch, which called it "a thuggish attempt to penalize investigators" at the ICC.
"The Trump administration is trying an end run around accountability," the organisation said. "Taking action against those who work for the ICC sends a clear message to torturers and murderers alike: Their crimes may continue unchecked."


NZ manifesto resembles Norway mass murderer's text !!



Source:
https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/nz-manifesto-resembles-norway-mass-murderers-text-104302758.html








NZ manifesto resembles Norway mass murderer's text

JAN M. OLSEN








FILE - In this Tuesday, Jan. 10, 2017 file photo, Anders Behring Breivik raises his right hand at the start of his appeal case in Borgarting Court of Appeal at Telemark prison in Skien, Norway, Tuesday, Jan. 10, 2017. The manifesto that the presumed New Zealand shooter who killed at least 49 people in two mosques in Christchurch on Friday, March 15, 2019 published is shorter and "more sloppy" than the one written by a Norwegian right-wing extremist who killed 77 people in 2011, but expresses similar sentiments, a Swedish terror expert said. (Lise Aaserud/NTB Scanpix via AP, File)


COPENHAGEN, Denmark (AP) — The manifesto that the presumed New Zealand shooter published is shorter and "more sloppy" than the one written by a Norwegian right-wing extremist who killed 77 people in 2011, but expresses similar sentiments, a Swedish terror expert said Friday.
Magnus Ranstorp of the Swedish National Defense College says the shooter is against mass immigration and "has to some extent the same themes as (Anders Behring) Breivik," who posted his 1,500-page manifesto online before carrying out his deadly attacks.
Ranstorp told Swedish radio Friday that the New Zealand shooter, who killed at least 49 people in two mosques in Christchurch on Friday, claims to "have been in contact with Breivik's sympathizers."
On July 22, 2011, Breivik killed eight people with a car bomb in Oslo and then opened fire at an island summer camp run by the left-wing Labor Party's youth wing, killing 69. He is serving a 21-year prison sentence.
Breivik's lawyer, Oeystein Storrvik, told Norway's VG newspaper that his client has "very limited contacts with the surrounding world so it seems very unlikely that he has had contact." Storrvik was not immediately available for comment.
Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg told Norwegian broadcaster NRK that the shooter's manifesto "unfortunately gives associations to a situation in Norway" that she described as "one of the worst in our time."
On Twitter, Ranstorp noted that the New Zealand shooter claimed he would leave prison after 27 years and likened himself to late South African President Nelson Mandela, saying he would get the Nobel Peace Prize.
"Yet another narcissistic right-wing extremist terrorist who has a distorted fantasy world," Ranstorp wrote

COMMENT:

After killing so many people, and this sick crazy and pyshopath dreams of a "medal" ??  Sick and sick many times!!  In Asia and Africa our laws  HANGED this psychopath !!

This pyschopaths only get 21-27 years in JAIL ?!

It is never RIGHT to attack a place of worship and killed the worshippers, or women or children or the old people!!


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COMMENTS:

USA: On another noted, President Trump of USA said that the reason he plans to build the WALL is to keep immigrants from INVADING (invasion) into USA !  How about the TIME when the whites INVADE America and killed thousands if not millions of Red Indians?!

AUSTRALIA: Australian senator, Fraser Anning also used the same wording, such as, immigrants invasion into Australia, well, how about the TIME when the whites INVADED Australia and killed thousands if not millions of aborigines?!

NZ: The same is the case in NZ, when the whites INVADED and killed thousands of aborigines or Maori?! 

SO WHO ARE THE "FIRST" INVADERS ?!

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Source:
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/new-zealand-attack-victims-names-photos-list-missing-a8826036.html


New Zealand shootings: Victims of Christchurch mosque terror attack

Three- and four-year-old among victims