FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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31 March 2019

Dr M: Bumiputeras don’t know how to handle money, spend frivolously !




Source:
https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/dr-m-bumiputras-don-t-033431038.html


Dr M: Bumiputeras don’t know how to handle money, spend frivolously

Yiswaree Palansamy


Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad said that he has now pinned his hopes on the younger Bumiputras who have displayed promising traits. — Picture by Sayuti Zainudin


KUALA LUMPUR, March 30 — Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad has lamented that his fellow Bumiputeras are not efficient when it comes to managing their finances, and tend to spend on unnecessary things.
This, he said, is why the existing 30 per cent Bumiputera shareholding quota in listed companies is necessary.
In an interview with Focus Malaysia, the Langkawi MP said the Malay community must also realise that it is by doing business that they can alleviate their economic standing but this also required discipline.
“What is the alternative? As far as I can see, the Bumiputeras are not business oriented, while the other communities are very business oriented.
“The Bumiputeras still do not know how to handle or manage money, because money to them is something to spend, not to invest.
“So even when they borrow money for capital, part of the money is spent on buying things that have nothing to do with the business,” he told the business weekly.
Dr Mahathir, however, said that he has now pinned his hopes on the younger Bumiputeras who have displayed promising traits.
He said that there is hope that this group would be able to change their value system and practices so that they can be better business managers.
“They can even design airplanes. The younger people give us much hope but they must also remember that they are doing business to also reduce the disparity of income between the Bumiputera and the others.
“The best thing is for the Malays to realise that only through business can they prosper and business requires discipline,” he added.
Dr Mahathir also said that the PH administration has also decided not to engage in direct negotiation with companies, especially Malay companies.
However, he said that the Malay community is marginalised as they do not receive contracts from the private sector and cautioned of a greater disparity between races.
He said that without the direct negotiation practice or limited tender, “almost invariably the Malay companies fail”.
“Invariably, if anyone in the private sector wants to build a bridge, the Malay companies never get it, except when they are attached to some non-Malay companies,” Dr Mahathir said, lamenting that the alleged practice is also not questioned.
“The private sector contracts do not go to the Malays and the government contracts also do not go to the Malays. What you are going to see is greater disparity between the races,” he added.



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Source:
https://www.mynewshub.tv/hangat/anak-tun-m-miliki-18-kereta-mewah-bernilai-rm36-juta/




Anak Tun M Miliki 18 Kereta Mewah Bernilai RM36 Juta?


 Jul 14, 2015
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MENGEJUTKAN! Anak mantan Perdana Menteri, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad iaitu Tan Sri Mokhzani Mahathir dikatakan memiliki kekayaan luar biasa dalam tempoh masa yang singkat hingga mampu memiliki koleksi kereta bernilai RM36.2 juta.
Dakwaan tersebut dibuat oleh Presiden Pertubuhan Jaringan Melayu Malaysia (JMM), Azwanddin Hamzah. Katanya, Mokhzani memiliki 18 buah kereta mewah pelbagai jenama.

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