FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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16 March 2019

NZ manifesto resembles Norway mass murderer's text !!



Source:
https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/nz-manifesto-resembles-norway-mass-murderers-text-104302758.html








NZ manifesto resembles Norway mass murderer's text

JAN M. OLSEN








FILE - In this Tuesday, Jan. 10, 2017 file photo, Anders Behring Breivik raises his right hand at the start of his appeal case in Borgarting Court of Appeal at Telemark prison in Skien, Norway, Tuesday, Jan. 10, 2017. The manifesto that the presumed New Zealand shooter who killed at least 49 people in two mosques in Christchurch on Friday, March 15, 2019 published is shorter and "more sloppy" than the one written by a Norwegian right-wing extremist who killed 77 people in 2011, but expresses similar sentiments, a Swedish terror expert said. (Lise Aaserud/NTB Scanpix via AP, File)


COPENHAGEN, Denmark (AP) — The manifesto that the presumed New Zealand shooter published is shorter and "more sloppy" than the one written by a Norwegian right-wing extremist who killed 77 people in 2011, but expresses similar sentiments, a Swedish terror expert said Friday.
Magnus Ranstorp of the Swedish National Defense College says the shooter is against mass immigration and "has to some extent the same themes as (Anders Behring) Breivik," who posted his 1,500-page manifesto online before carrying out his deadly attacks.
Ranstorp told Swedish radio Friday that the New Zealand shooter, who killed at least 49 people in two mosques in Christchurch on Friday, claims to "have been in contact with Breivik's sympathizers."
On July 22, 2011, Breivik killed eight people with a car bomb in Oslo and then opened fire at an island summer camp run by the left-wing Labor Party's youth wing, killing 69. He is serving a 21-year prison sentence.
Breivik's lawyer, Oeystein Storrvik, told Norway's VG newspaper that his client has "very limited contacts with the surrounding world so it seems very unlikely that he has had contact." Storrvik was not immediately available for comment.
Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg told Norwegian broadcaster NRK that the shooter's manifesto "unfortunately gives associations to a situation in Norway" that she described as "one of the worst in our time."
On Twitter, Ranstorp noted that the New Zealand shooter claimed he would leave prison after 27 years and likened himself to late South African President Nelson Mandela, saying he would get the Nobel Peace Prize.
"Yet another narcissistic right-wing extremist terrorist who has a distorted fantasy world," Ranstorp wrote

COMMENT:

After killing so many people, and this sick crazy and pyshopath dreams of a "medal" ??  Sick and sick many times!!  In Asia and Africa our laws  HANGED this psychopath !!

This pyschopaths only get 21-27 years in JAIL ?!

It is never RIGHT to attack a place of worship and killed the worshippers, or women or children or the old people!!


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COMMENTS:

USA: On another noted, President Trump of USA said that the reason he plans to build the WALL is to keep immigrants from INVADING (invasion) into USA !  How about the TIME when the whites INVADE America and killed thousands if not millions of Red Indians?!

AUSTRALIA: Australian senator, Fraser Anning also used the same wording, such as, immigrants invasion into Australia, well, how about the TIME when the whites INVADED Australia and killed thousands if not millions of aborigines?!

NZ: The same is the case in NZ, when the whites INVADED and killed thousands of aborigines or Maori?! 

SO WHO ARE THE "FIRST" INVADERS ?!

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Source:
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/new-zealand-attack-victims-names-photos-list-missing-a8826036.html


New Zealand shootings: Victims of Christchurch mosque terror attack

Three- and four-year-old among victims





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