FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:


Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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17 May 2019

Daim to gov't: Start trusting civil service or you'll be 'dead' !!




SOURCE: 
https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/475166

Daim to gov't: Start trusting civil service or you'll be 'dead'

Published:   |  Modified: 


Despite the prime minister claiming that some civil servants are out to undermine Pakatan Harapan, one of his closest advisers has called on the government to trust them if it wished to ensure political longevity.
In an interview with the South China Morning Post, Daim Zainuddin went so far as to state that the government would be "dead" if it did not begin working with the country's more than 1.6 million civil servants.
"Now you are in government. When you are in government, you have to deliver. You cannot deliver by yourself. The civil servants are the implementers, not you.
"You plan policies, then you say (to the civil servants), take over. 
(When) you don’t trust them, they just sit down," he was quoted as saying in the interview published today.
The former chairperson of the Council of Eminent Persons claimed that many civil servants have expressed their unhappiness over the extent of political appointments in ministries.


While not dismissing Putrajaya's claims of sabotage, including by Prime Minister Dr Mahathir Mohamad, Daim noted the trust deficit must be worked on.
Civil servants, he believes, are likely to back the government of the day, even if they had only served one government all this while.
"That I don’t know (sabotage claims). But you have to work with (the civil service). Without them... you are dead.
"The civil servants have been coming to see me. They say 'Oh, minister doesn’t trust me...' and they (the political appointees) run the ministry," he said.
"How can they run the ministry? They are outsiders. I have been telling the ministers the civil servants have been there since the British. When the British came here, they brought the civil service.
"And you try now to discard them? You cannot."
'Civil servants also voters'
Daim, who served as finance minister during Mahathir’s first tenure, pointed out that civil servants and their families are also voters.


“I have been telling them, whether you like it or not, there are 1.6 million civil servants. And we are paying them every day. 
"Can you imagine? One, plus a wife. Plus one child. (There are votes there, so get them on your side or) you are in trouble. You know?” he was quoted as saying.

Daim's remarks come just two days after Mahathir said that certain quarters, including those in the civil service, are unhappy with the Harapan administration due to its efforts to combat corruption.
"There are some who feel the government is not as good as the previous one because this government does not allow bribes," he had said.
"There are some who feel this government should not continue, but (the country) should go back to being a corrupt government which benefits them."
Mahathir had previously claimed that a culture of sabotage existed among civil servants in explaining the government's move to "clean up" its agencies and departments.
In March, his deputy Dr Wan Azizah Wan Ismail also reminded civil servants of different political affiliations not to sabotage the government, but serve the people.
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SOURCE: 
https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/475169


K’jaan PH 'mati' jika tidak mula kerjasama dengan penjawat awam - Daim

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