FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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28 May 2020

SUKMA: Nurul Afiqah Muhammad Zamzuri - EMAS



SOURCE:
https://www.bharian.com.my/sukan/lain-lain/2018/09/473658/nurul-afiqah-makin-molek
SUKAN»Lain-lain (Sukan)
Jumaat, 14 September 2018 | 6:55pm



Atlet Terengganu Nurul Afiqah Muhammad Zamzuri ketika mengangkat bebanan Kategori 48 KG Clean and Jerk pada acara angkat berat Sukan Malaysia (Sukma) di Dewan Merdeka hari ini. -Foto BERNAMA
Atlet Terengganu Nurul Afiqah Muhammad Zamzuri ketika mengangkat bebanan Kategori 48 KG Clean and Jerk pada acara angkat berat Sukan Malaysia (Sukma) di Dewan Merdeka hari ini. -Foto BERNAMA

Nurul Afiqah makin 'molek'






TAPAH: Biarpun pada awalnya, keluarga menghalang niat untuk aktif dalam sukan angkat berat, atlet angkat berat wanita Terengganu, Nurul Afiqah Muhammad Zamzuri membuktikan pilihannya itu adalah tepat apabila menghasilkan pingat emas pada hari pertama angkat berat dipertandingkan pada Sukan Malaysia (SUKMA) di Perak, hari ini.
Bertubuh kecil molek dan kelihatan ayu bertudung, Nurul Afiqah yang berumur 18 tahun melakukan angkatan 81 kilogram (kg) bagi mengungguli kategori 48 kg, clean and jerk wanita yang dipertandingkan di Dewan Merdeka, Tapah di sini.


Atlet Sabah, Nilcy Tunik pula meraih perak selepas hanya dibezakan angkatan satu kg (80 kg) berbanding Nurul Afiqah, manakala Siti Zaleha Yusop dari Pahang membawa pulang gangsa (75kg).


INFO
Nama: Nurul Afiqah Muhammad Zamzuri
Umur: 18 tahun
Tarikh lahir: 18 Ogos 2000
Kontinjen: Terengganu
Sukan: Angkat berat (kategori 48kg)


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SOURCE: 

SUKAN»Lain-lain (Sukan)
Sabtu, 15 September 2018 | 7:17pm


ELLY Cascandra Engelbert - Foto GOH THEAN HOWE
ELLY Cascandra Engelbert - Foto GOH THEAN HOWE

Hampir bersara, Elly pecah rekod 10 tahun



TAPAH: Sebelum ini, Elly Cascandra Engelbert hampir bersara berikutan kecederaan yang menghantuinya, namun atlet angkat berat wanita Sabah ini mengetepikan kesakitan bahu yang dialaminya untuk memenangi dua pingat emas pada Sukan Malaysia (SUKMA) Perak dan sekali gus membaiki rekod 10 tahun kategori bawah 53 kilogram clean and jerk wanita di Dewan Merdeka, Tapah, di sini.
Atlet kelahiran Papar, Sabah itu membuat angkatan 72 kilogram (kg) dalam acara snatch untuk memenangi emas pertamanya, sebelum mencatatkan 92 kg untuk memenangi emas acara clean and jerk, sekali gus membaharui rekod atlet Kelantan, Raihan Yusof yang dilakukan pada temasya 2008 Terengganu.

INFO:
Nama: Elly Cascandra Engelbert
Umur: 18 tahun
Asal: Papar, Sabah
Kontinjen: Sabah
Sukan: Angkat berat
Kategori: Bawah 53kg



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