FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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07 April 2015

USAH TAASUB KEJAR RANKING !


Source:
http://www.hmetro.com.my/node/42051?m=1

Usah taasub kejar ranking

Oleh Mohd Hasbi Sidek
Shah Alam: Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) disaran supaya tidak terlalu taasub mengejar kedudukan (ranking) universiti di peringkat dunia sebaliknya perlu memberi lebih tumpuan menghasilkan penuntut berkemahiran.
Ketua Pengarah Pendidikan Tinggi Prof Datuk Dr Asma Ismail berkata, kedudukan sesebuah universiti tidak menentukan kualiti sesebuah institusi pengajian tinggi itu.
“Ingin saya tekankan di sini, UiTM jangan terlalu taasub dengan ‘ranking’ dunia kerana ia hanya satu permainan negara barat.
“Warga UiTM perlu memberi lebih tumpuan kepada seni yang dapat menggambarkan budaya dan tradisi masyarakat negara ini melalui penuntut berkemahiran dalam bidang dipelajari,” katanya ketika ucapan perasmian Majlis Penutupan Program Rumah Gemilang dan Pelancaran Buku Induk Rumah Gemilang di Menara Sultan Abdul Aziz, UiTM Shah Alam, di sini, semalam.
Projek Rumah Gemilang yang dibiayai Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia itu bertujuan menaik taraf hidup penduduk setempat khususnya di Sabak Bernam, Selangor, menerusi pendekatan kesenian dan keusahawanan menghasilkan seramik kraf.
Sementara itu Dr Asma berkata, modul penuntut, pensyarah dan alumni Jabatan Seramik Perindustrian, Fakulti Seni Lukis dan Seni Reka (FSSR), UiTM Shah Alam itu mampu melonjakkan nama institusi berkenaan.
“Saya percaya warga universiti ini berjaya mengharumkan nama mereka dengan penghasilan penuntut dan pensyarah berbakat dalam bidang masing-masing.
“Selain itu, kementerian bersedia membuka jalan dan peluang perniagaan kepada usahawan yang dihasilkan melalui program ini serta berharap UiTM memberi tumpuan serius,” katanya.
Dalam pada itu peserta program Khairul Azhar Ashaari, 37, berkata, program itu memberi impak positif kepadanya serta peserta lain kerana dapat mempelajari ilmu kemahiran berkenaan.
“Kami bukan hanya dapat mempelajari kemahiran membuat seramik malah ia secara tidak langsung dapat membuka peluang perniagaan,” katanya.
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Selasa, 7 April 2015 @ 9:34 AM







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