FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

02 September 2016

CIMB Tutup 23 Cawangan di Seluruh Negara !

Sumber:
http://www.utusan.com.my/bisnes/korporat/cimb-tutup-23-cawangan-di-seluruh-negara-1.376351

CIMB tutup 23 cawangan di seluruh negara

NUR HANANI AZMAN | 30 Ogos 2016 12:24 AM

Tengku Zafrul Aziz (kiri) dan Shahnaz Jammal pada sidang akhbar di Kuala Lumpur, semalam. UTUSAN/Farid Janudin

KUALA LUMPUR 29 Ogos – CIMB Group Holdings Bhd. (CIMB Group) menutup 23 cawangannya sebagai langkah mengurangkan perbelanjaan operasi dan juga menumpukan kepada perkhidmatan perbankan digital.

Ketua Eksekutif Kumpulan CIMB Group, Datuk Seri Tengku Zafrul Tengku Abdul Aziz berkata, sejak Ogos 2015, sebanyak 22 cawangan CIMB Bank di seluruh Malaysia telah ditutup dan satu lagi akan ditutup menjelang akhir 2016.

Katanya, semua kakitangan terlibat telah dipindahkan ke cawangan lain dan pihak bank tidak bercadang untuk membuka cawangan baharu berikutan pengoptimuman digital adalah cara untuk mengukuhkan kedudukan pasaran.

“CIMB Group sedang giat memanfaatkan teknologi bagi meningkatkan jumlah pelanggan dan pelan rasionalisasi cawangan adalah berdasarkan konsep mudah untuk diakses.

“Kebanyakan pelang-gan kini lebih selesa dengan teknologi dalam menjalankan urusan perbankan dan kami perlu peka dengan trend ini dalam memenuhi permintaan,” katanya kepada pemberita selepas mengumumkan keputusan kewangan separuh pertama 2016 di sini hari ini.

Yang turut hadir, Ketua Pegawai Kewangan Kumpulan CIMB Group, Shahnaz Jamal.

CIMB Group mencatatkan peningkatan untung bersih sebanyak 1.7 peratus kepada RM1.67 bilion bagi enam bulan pertama berakhir 30 Jun 2016 berbanding RM1.66 bilion pada separuh pertama tahun lalu.

Jumlah pinjaman kumpulan berkembang sebanyak 6.6 peratus tahun ke tahun didorong oleh perbankan pengguna manakala jumlah deposit meningkat 7.1 peratus tahun ke tahun.

Menurut Tengku Zafrul, CIMB Group menyemak semula sasaran pertumbuhan pinjaman tahun ini daripada 10 peratus kepada antara enam hingga tujuh peratus sejajar dengan persekitaran operasi semasa yang mencabar.

“Kumpulan juga menyemak semula unjuran pulangan ke atas ekuiti (ROE) daripada 10 peratus kepada sembilan peratus seiring dengan jangkaan pasaran,” tambah beliau.

- See more at: http://www.utusan.com.my/bisnes/korporat/cimb-tutup-23-cawangan-di-seluruh-negara-1.376351#sthash.d1jMZB4K.dpuf

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New Streets Times (NSTs)

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

02 September 2016

CIMB Tutup 23 Cawangan di Seluruh Negara !

CIMB tutup 23 cawangan di seluruh negara

Malaysians Billionaire !