FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:


Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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30 September 2016

THE DANGER OF DRUGS ADDICTION in Malaysia!



COMMENTS:

Smoking can kill, likewise, DRUGS can also killed many times more!

So NO try try.  Once you got hook onto drugs, its like a dead sentences by the authority.

AND the drugs takeover, and control your brain and body (you do not control your brain and body anymore).

Everyday, you would only think of the drugs, and how to get them - even if that means stealing and killing your own mother, or father, or grandmother, or grandfather, or brother, or sisters, or the man/woman on the streets.

To be save.. KEEP OUT OF DRUGS!  and report to the authorities of suspected drugs users/seller!

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https://sg.news.yahoo.com/man-killed-paralysed-mum-tested-positive-drugs-231600547.html




Man who killed paralysed mum tested positive for drugs

By John Bunyan


IPOH, Sept 30 — A 55-year-old man, who allegedly slashed his paralysed 74-year-old mother to death, has three  criminal records, said state deputy  police chief Datuk Hasnan Hassan.
He said the suspect was placed under restricted residence in Selangor.
“He only returned to Air Kuning a month ago,” Hasnan told reporters here yesterday after the monthly state police contingent gathering.
In the 7.20pm incident at Kampung Baru Air Kuning, Tapah, on Tuesday, Low Lin Kew was found sprawled in blood on a deck chair in her house by her eldest son.
The suspect, who tested positive for morphine, has been remanded for seven days until Tuesday.
On another matter, Hasnan said Perak recorded a 214 percent jump in commercial crime cases from January to September compared with the same period last year, involving a total of RM68 million losses.
“Most of the cases involved cheating and criminal breach of trusts,” he said.
Hasnan also expressed concern with the rise in drug cases.
“We have arrested 197 drug pushers since January and nabbed 462 addicts,” he said.

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https://sg.news.yahoo.com/kl-murder-suicide-case-couple-had-two-other-231100045.html


KL murder-suicide case: Couple had two other children who died

By Emmanuel Santa Maria Chin


KUALA LUMPUR, Sept 30 — As police uncover more clues surrounding the grisly deaths of two children and their father in Kepong on Monday, investigations found the family had previously lost two other children.



One died due to complications shortly after birth about eight years ago, while another passed away while receiving treatment at a hospital about two years ago.
Sentul OCPD ACP R. Munusamy said investigators were now trying to uncover if the child, who died during treatment, was physically harmed in the past and hospitalised due to abuse.
Drug addict Cheah Hing Soon, 34, regularly burned incense in a room at their apartment unit in Taman Sri Bintang, to cover the stench of his decaying daughter Cheah Kai Sze, three years old, who was stuffed into a plastic storage container after she was murdered seven months ago. He continued his crazed act after killing his seven-month-old son Kai Wen last month. 
Hing Soon was found dead in an opposite room on Monday.
Police picked up the children’s 35-year-old mother after she gave contradicting statements.
A police source revealed Hing Soon abused the woman, who was still under remand, throughout their marriage.
“She was suppressed to the point she was too afraid to report (to the authorities),” he said.
It was learnt the mother had been sent to a hospital for mental evaluation.
“Police are still determining if she was linked to the murders. Even if she had no part to play, she could be charged under the Child Act for failing to alert authorities about the repeated abuses against her children,” the source said.
Police were looking to extend the woman’s remand order, which ends tomorrow, the source said.
We are still not satisfied with her statements.”
Police completed taking statements from the two other surviving siblings, aged eight and six. The source said the boys were placed under the care of their paternal grandfather.

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