FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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26 October 2016

Khairy: Malaysia should stop hosting F1



KOMEN:

1- F1 Malaysia ini adalah idea Mahathir, suka kpd sesuatu yang grand, walaupun kosnya mahal.

2- Dan hanya dapat dinikmati oleh se-golongan kecil elit sahaja. Orang ramai dan rakyat biasa tidak mampu membeli tiket, dan memang tidak berminat pun benda-benda mcm ini.

3- Kerajaan terpaksa menanggung kos yang tinggi untuk menjayakan lumba F1 ini.

4- F1 Malaysia penat buat trophy, dan warga asing ini (e.g. Itali, Australia, etc.)  datang dan mengambil pulang trophy ini.

 5- Selepas mengambil trophy ini, ada pula supporters yang menari bogel, dan tidak menghormati jalur gemilang dan budaya Malaysia.

6- Seperti kata KJ,  kita "stop" saja menganjur F1 ini !!

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Sumber
http://www.themalaymailonline.com/sports/article/khairy-malaysia-should-stop-hosting-f1

Khairy: Malaysia should stop hosting F1








Youth and Sports Minister Khairy Jamaluddin today tweeted that Malaysia should stop hosting Formula One races as it costs too much and raked in limited returns. — Picture via Twitter/Khairy Jamaluddin











KUALA LUMPUR, Oct 24 — Malaysia should stop hosting Formula One races as such events cost too much and raked in limited returns, youth and sports minister Khairy Jamaluddin said today.
The minister weighed in the matter on Twitter hours after Sepang International Circuit (SIC) chief executive officer Datuk Ahmad Razlan Ahmad Razali said the fate of F1 events in Malaysia would be decided by this Thursday.
“I think we should stop hosting the F1. At least for a while. Cost too high, returns limited,” Khairy tweeted.
New Straits Times Online quoted Razlan as saying that although SIC had a ‘watertight agreement’ with the license holders until 2018, a special meeting would be held with SIC’s major stakeholder, the Ministry of Finance on the issue of F1’s future.
He reportedly said that F1 ticket sales have on the decline since 2014, and that recent sales only reached between 55 and 60 per cent.
Comparatively, Razlan pointed out that tickets were consistently sold out for Moto GP.
Razlan added that initial reports for the last F1 race showed that it scored the lowest ratings in TV viewership here.
“Maybe it will do Malaysia good to take a break.
“I think the product (F1) is no longer exciting. It’s being dominated by one team,” Razlan was quoted saying. 

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