FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

04 October 2016

Salah guna kuasa : 2 pegawai kanan kerajaan di Sabah ditahan !!

http://www.utusan.com.my/berita/jenayah/salah-guna-kuasa-2-pegawai-kanan-kerajaan-di-sabah-ditahan-1.390517

Salah guna kuasa : 2 pegawai kanan kerajaan di Sabah ditahan

Wang tunai RM3 juta dirampas

MASZUREEN HADZMAN | 04 Oktober 2016 11:42 AM

KUALA LUMPUR 4 Okt. - Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM) hari ini menahan dua pegawai kanan di sebuah agensi kerajaan di Sabah kerana disyaki menyalahgunakan kuasa dengan memonopoli dan memberikan projek-projek yang dikendalikan jabatan tersebut kepada keluarga mereka.

Kedua-dua suspek yang berusia 54 dan 51 tahun itu ditahan di pejabat mereka di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah kira-kira pukul 9.15 pagi. Mereka ditahan untuk siasatan di bawah Seksyen 17 (a) Akta Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia, Seksyen 165 Kanun Keseksaan dan Akta Pengubahan Wang Haram.

Turut dirampas ialah wang tunai bernilai kira-kira RM3 juta yang disimpan dalam peti besi di pejabat salah seorang pegawai kanan tersebut. Menurut sumber, kedua-dua pegawai kanan berkenaan berjawatan Pengarah dan Timbalan Pengarah di jabatan kerajaan yang mengendalikan projek-projek pembinaan infrastruktur asas bernilai lebih RM3.3 bilion sejak tahun 2010 itu telah memonopoli kesemua projek dan diserahkan kepada adik-beradik mereka.

Ujarnya, penyalahgunaan kuasa ini yang dipercayai bermula sejak tahun 2010 hingga kini dan siasatan awal mempercayai mereka telah mengumpul harta kekayaan melebihi RM50 juta.

Timbalan Ketua Pesuruhjaya (Operasi) SPRM, Datuk Azam Baki ketika dihubungi mengesahkan tangkapan tersebut tetapi enggan mengulas lanjut.- UTUSAN ONLINE

New Streets Times (NSTs)

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

04 October 2016

Salah guna kuasa : 2 pegawai kanan kerajaan di Sabah ditahan !!

Salah guna kuasa : 2 pegawai kanan kerajaan di Sabah ditahan

Wang tunai RM3 juta dirampas

Malaysians Billionaire !