FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

18 September 2019

JIKA BN MASIH MEMERINTAH....

SOURCE:
https://www.utusan.com.my/berita/politik/bayangkan-jika-bn-masih-memerintah-1.969627
12 SEPT 2019

Jika BN masih memerintah....

1. Penulisan ini ditujukan kepada Marina Mahathir yang mengatakan jika PH kalah pada PRU lepas (PRU14) ke manakah hala tuju negara. Beliau mendakwa negara seolah-olah tiada hala tuju jika diperintah lagi oleh BN.

2. Jika BN masih memerintah, 1.3 juta pekerjaan dapat diwujudkan melalui projek Malaysian Vison Valley seperti yang dijanjikan dalam manifesto.

3. Jika BN masih memerintah, kadar pengganguran akan menurun melalui Skim Latihan 1 Malaysia (SL1M) yang menawarkan bayaran sehingga RM 2000.00 kepada graduan. Pada masa yang sama, biasiswa kepada pelajar juga akan terus diberikan melalui program MyBrain15.

4. Jika BN masih memerintah, sebuah bank khas akan ditubuhkan bagi menguruskan pinjaman Perumahan Mampu Milik dan Perumahan Kos Rendah yang berharga RM300,000 dan ke bawah melalui program 1Negaraku.

5. Jika BN masih memerintah, lebih banyak Pusat Transformasi Bandar (UTC) dan Pusat Transformasi Luar Bandar (RTC) bagi memudahkan urusan rakyat dan membantu usahawan-usahawan kecil.

6. Jika BN masih memerintah, BR1M akan diperkasa dengan peningkatan yang lebih tinggi untuk membantu rakyat Malaysia.

7. Jika BN masih memerintah, pelbagai lagi inisiatif akan dilakukan kerajaan untuk meningkatkan sosioekonomi rakyat yang merangkumi penduduk bandar dan juga luar bandar.

8. Jika BN masih memerintah, negara akan mempunyai hala tuju yang jelas dengan adanya dasar awam yang cekap seperti Program Transformasi Ekonomi yang akan memacu pendapatan negara kasar (GNI) kepada AS $ 523 bilion menjelang 2020.

9. Jika BN masih memerintah, rakyat tidak dizalimi seperti hari ini dengan ingin memansuhkan skim pencen penjawat awam, memansuhkan bantuan tanaman semula kepada pekebun kecil, memansuhkan MyBrain15, berlakunya pepecahan perpaduan, kelembapan ekonomi serta pelbagai lagi masalah lain.

10. Realiti politik hari ini jelas membuktikan negara tiada hala tuju apabila diperintah PH. Retorik politik pemimpin PH dapat dinilai rakyat sebagai satu pembohongan kerana terbukti dengan fakta bahawa keadaan negara semakin lemah apabila diperintah PH.

Dr. Najmil Faiz Mohamed Aris
Exco PPUM/TKUB Kuala Terengganu

New Streets Times (NSTs)

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

18 September 2019

JIKA BN MASIH MEMERINTAH....

Jika BN masih memerintah....

Malaysians Billionaire !