FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:


Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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09 August 2011

University Chancellor Sex Dungeon Exposed !


Comment:

COME ON... with the sex dungeon exposed, and the man is hopeful to be still running the university?! What kind of a chancellor is this? Talking about morality and ethical behavior.

IF this guy is a CEO in a private firm or company, this may not sound so dramatic, but chancellor or lecturer in a university, where all-rounded good students are supposed to be produced, student that is not only equipped with the highest knowledge and skills possible, but also ingrained with moral, ethical and integrity values!

In Asia (maybe not so in the West), a teacher, lecturer or professor, not only teaches 'knowledge' to his students, but also inculcated 'moral and ethical' values, plus 'integrity' in work the profession.

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http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2021317/UNVA-chancellor-David-Lee-64-sadomasochistic-suburban-sex-dungeon-master.html
(2 August 2011)

NOTE: David Lee, 64, is the chancellor and chair of the University of Northern Virginia

University chancellor, 64, Exposed as Sadomasochistic, Suburban Sex-Dungeon Master
By RACHEL QUIGLEY
Last updated at 4:01 AM , 2nd August 2011

A chancellor of a university raided last week by federal immigration agents has been revealed as a man so into domination and sadomasochism that he and his girlfriend turned their basement into a suburban sex dungeon. David V. Lee, 64, of the University of Northern Virginia, is said to have advertised online seeking 'attractive submissive women' who 'wish to be part of our poly family'. 'Ideally you will consider
yourself a slave or a sub with slave tendencies,' it added. The ad appeared on collarme.com, which describes itself as the 'largest BDSM Community on the Planet'.

Last Thursday, the for-profit school was raided by immigration authorities seizing computers and documents and leaving a population of approximately 2,000 mostly Indian students in limbo.

A letter was then posted by Lee, who is UNVA's chancellor and chair of its board of trustees, on the university's website telling students to stay calm and that classes were taking place as usual.

It said: 'UNVA would like to remind everyone that rumours have been circulating since last year, but they are juts rumours. 'We at UNVA were very surprised by the events that occurred. There are many details of the investigation that are still unclear.'



Since the raid, The Smoking Gun found the personal ad - complete with photos of his dungeon and Lee performing sadomasochistic acts - on the collarme website [www.collarme.com ].
It said: 'We enjoy almost all kinks, and are expert in most of them. But for us it is more the submission and commitment that matter.

'We provide a safe, sane home with a good balance of love and discipline. We are very serious about finding a permanent addition to our poly family.' They use the screen name 'polyfamilyinva2'. Their profile includes photos of the couple in a variety of poses.

In two, Lee can allegedly be seen holding a flame to the body of a naked female who is wearing a bondage mask. In another he is seen topless flexing his muscles, noting in his profile that they are in 'excellent health and in excellent shape'.

More photos show Lee's blonde girlfriend attached to a metal spider's web, while another shows her straddling another, younger woman who is gagged and appears to be bound by an extension cord. As well as pictures showing their sex dungeon - complete with wooden rack - are photos of the couple at home wearing Santa Claus hats.

Lee did not respond to an e-mail seeking comment about his search for a female slave or the search conducted last Thursday at the university’s Annandale, Virginia, offices by Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents.

He was due to meet with the UNVA students and faculty this morning to talk about last week's raids. According to the Smoking Gun, the ICE probe is examining whether UNVA, which was founded in 1998, has exploited visa loopholes to enrol foreign students.

Investigators are seeking to determine whether some students attended classes or just used enrollment in UNVA as a method of gaining entry to the United States. Lee is scheduled to meet this morning “with all concerned UNVA students and faculty,” according to a notice on the school’s web site.

Also see,

UNVA, Office of Admissions
7535 Little River Turnpike Suite 103, Annandale, VA 22003
Phone: (703) 941 0949 Fax: (703) 941 0893

Wikipedia on UNVA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Northern_Virginia

University of Northern Virginia Official Website
http://www.unva.edu/

NOTE: IF you score IELTS score of 5.0 (English Exam) at UNVA, you will be eligible for the 'Waiver of English Program' , whereas, in Australia, and even in Asia good universities, you need to score 6.0 and above (in IELTS), in order to waive the English Foundation program. That show you the urgency of UNVA to attract new students, who may not otherwise, be eligible for the study program (at most universities), and the mediocre approach in recruiting new students. Don't know if the university is recognized in USA or not, and the World Ranking is doubtful?!

See source:
http://www.unva.edu/forms/undergraduate_admissions_packet.pdf
(Accessed on 2 August 2011)

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2021317/UNVA-chancellor-David-Lee-64-sadomasochistic-suburban-sex-dungeon-master.html#ixzz1TvcKQj8f