FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

31 January 2017

Majikan Menipu Caruman KWSP ?!

Source:
http://www.utusan.com.my/berita/nasional/tipu-caruman-kwsp-gabungan-pemandu-lori-serah-memorandum-1.438601

Tipu caruman KWSP: Gabungan Pemandu Lori serah memorandum

AHMAD SHAZWAN MD. YUSOF | 31 Januari 2017 12:15 PM

KUALA LUMPUR 31 Jan. - Gabungan Pemandu Lori hari ini menyerahkan satu memorandum kepada Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja (KWSP) sebagai membantah tindakan majikan yang menipu dalam kiraan caruman pemandu.

Memorandum tersebut diserahkan kepada Ketua Jabatan Penguatkuasaan KWSP, Hardial Singh Mitt Singh kira-kira pukul 11.15 pagi di Bangunan KWSP, Jalan Raja Laut di sini.

Penyelaras Gabungan Pemandu Lori, Mohana Rani berkata, kebanyakan pemandu lori kini berdepan masalah caruman KWSP yang kecil selepas di permainkan oleh majikan mereka.

Katanya, gaji rata-rata pemandu adalah berdasarkan komisen perjalanan dalam sebulan.

“Mengikut Akta KWSP, komisen dianggap sebagai gaji. Untuk mengelakkan majikan daripada mencarum, mereka menggunakan istilah lain seperti kerja lebih masa atau elaun perjalanan kerana kedua-duanya tidak boleh diambil untuk caruman.

“Pada masa sama, mereka memberi gaji pokok yang kecil kepada pemandu untuk caruman masing-masing. Ini menjejaskan simpanan KWSP pemandu-pemandu lori,” katanya di sini hari ini. - UTUSAN ONLINE

New Streets Times (NSTs)

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

31 January 2017

Majikan Menipu Caruman KWSP ?!

Tipu caruman KWSP: Gabungan Pemandu Lori serah memorandum

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