FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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31 January 2017

TRUMP WILL MAKE USA DARK AGAIN !!


COMMENTS: 


TRUMP WILL MAKE USA GREAT AGAIN?!

TRUMP WILL MAKE USA DARK AGAIN
TRUMP WILL MAKE USA BE HATRED AGAIN
TRUMP WILL MAKE USA BE RACISTS AGAIN
TRUMP WILL MAKE USA BE MORE CAPITALIST AGAIN
IGNORING THE WELFARE OF THE LOWER INCOME GROUP AND POOR
WHAT DOES TRUMP KNOW ABOUT POOR, WHEN HE HAS NEVER BEEN POOR

WHAT MORE CAN YOU EXPECTED WHEN YOU DO NOT GO OUT AND VOTE FOR THE “RIGHT” CANDIDATE
IN THIS ERA, YOU CANNOT BE IGNORED OF POLITICS AND LET THE DUMP RULES
THE VOTE IS IN YOUR HAND, VOTE FOR THE RIGHT PERSON
OR ELSE USA WILL BE IN DOOM !!

ALL IS NOT LOST, YOU CAN STILL IMPEACH TRUMP
FOR GOING AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION
FOR PRACTISING RACISM
FOR SEXIST PRACTISES AND REMARKS
FOR PRACTISING CRONYISM OPENLY
FOR SELECTING HIS CLOSE FAMILY MEMBERS INTO THE WHITE HOUSE AND PUBLIC OFFICES

DO THE RIGHT THINGS, IMPEACH TRUMP NOW!! 
THE LEGISLATIVE,  JUDICIARY AND ATTORNEY GENERAL HAVE THE POWER!!

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Source:
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/legal-challenges-mount-against-trumps-travel-ban.html


President Trump faced intensifying legal challenges on Monday over his decree sharply restricting immigration from the Muslim world, as two Democratic-leaning states signaled that they would attack the policy in court and a Muslim advocacy group filed a lawsuit calling the order an unconstitutional religious test.
The emerging legal actions are an aggressive effort by Democratic officials in the states to undercut Mr. Trump’s Executive Order, amid a chaotic debate in Congress over the propriety of the policy. Many Democrats at the state level have vowed to use every instrument at their disposal to thwart or blunt the impact of Mr. Trump’s policies.



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Source:
http://www.nst.com.my/news/2017/01/208399/trump-fires-acting-attorney-general-who-defied-him-travel-ban?m=1


Trump fires acting attorney general who defied him on travel ban 
BY AFP - 31 JANUARY 2017 @ 10:30 AM


WASHINGTON: US President Donald Trump on Monday fired the acting attorney general, a holdover from the Obama administration, after she ordered Justice Department attorneys not to defend his controversial executive order on immigration.

  “The acting attorney general, Sally Yates, has betrayed the Department of Justice by refusing to enforce a legal order designed to protect the citizens of the United States,” the White House said in a statement. “President Trump relieved Ms Yates of her duties and subsequently named Dana Boente, US attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia, to serve as acting attorney general until Senator Jeff Sessions is finally confirmed by the Senate.” -- AFP 


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Source:
http://www.nst.com.my/news/2017/01/208147/thousands-gather-around-washington-protest-trump-travel-ban?m=1


Thousands gather around Washington to protest Trump travel ban 
BY AFP - 30 JANUARY 2017 @ 10:32 AM

DULLES: Throngs of noisy demonstrators – and scores of lawyers – poured into Dulles International Airport outside Washington on Sunday to show support for immigrants impacted by President Donald Trump’s contentious travel restrictions.

Similar protests were taking place outside the White House and across the United States as outrage grew over Trump’s executive order, signed on Friday, that imposed sweeping restrictions on some travelers to the country. Saif Rahman, a 38-year-old Iraqi-born US citizen who lives in Virginia, had just flown into Dulles from Istanbul, via Frankfurt. 

 He said two border agents were waiting as people got off the plane. About 16 people, including him, were called in for additional screening but he was let through fairly quickly. “I just hope that we can pass this difficult period while maintaining our values as a country,” Rahman said. Trump’s executive order suspended the arrival of all refugees for at least 120 days, Syrian refugees indefinitely – and bars citizens from Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen for 90 days. 

 With each new international arrival at Dulles, whoops of support erupted from a crowd of up to some 400 people gathered at the exit point from US customs. People handed out flowers and food, waved greeting signs and chanted slogans, including: “No hate, no fear, immigrants are welcome here,” and “Let them in! Let them in!” It was unclear if, or how many, travelers had been detained at Dulles. 

 Four congressmen said they had been refused access to the area where the travelers would be held, a move lawyers said was in contempt of a court order issued late Saturday. “The executive order is terrible, it’s bad and we are going to fight it,” Democratic Representative John Delaney told AFP. Trump should “realize the error in his ways, which is something I believe he is incapable of doing, and reverse this thing,” Delaney added. 

 Julia Mendelson, 31, came to protest with her mother. “I had family killed in the Holocaust, and I think it’s shameful to have any ban on immigration,” she said. “When you see injustice, it’s important to stand up and do whatever possible.” Outside the White House, thousands gathered to express their anger at Trump’s move. Khadija Shakour, an American Muslim, said the order was unconstitutional. “It’s wrong, it’s hateful, it’s bigotry,” she said. “He says it’s not a Muslim ban. It is a Muslim ban, especially when you say, ‘I’m gonna look after the Christians,’” Shakour added, referring to Trump saying his plan favored Christian refugees. 

 Trump’s executive order has already faced legal setbacks and lawyers around the country are massing in person and online to lend pro-bono support to those whose lives have been upended by the travel ban.
Kate Belinski, a Washington attorney who specializes in political law, was one of about 100 lawyers who showed up at Dulles to offer support. Several volunteer interpreters were also present to lend their help. Many attorneys held bright signs offering legal advice to anyone who had been detained or for their relatives. Belinski called it “unconscionable” to turn back travelers who have already undergone the laborious, and often yearslong process of getting visas. “It is completely beyond the pale, I never would fathom that this could be happening,” Belinski said. “I am concerned this could be an incremental step. It’s got to be stopped so it doesn’t go further.”--AFP

Read More : http://www.nst.com.my/news/2017/01/208147/thousands-gather-around-washington-protest-trump-travel-ban?d=1


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