FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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28 March 2018

Pelajar cemerlang tanpa dokumen ditawarkan ke UUM




SOURCE:
http://www.kosmo.com.my/negara/pelajar-cemerlang-tanpa-dokumen-ditawarkan-ke-uum-1.636233

Pelajar cemerlang tanpa dokumen ditawarkan ke UUM
27 Mac 2018 7:24 PM
Roisah Abdullah. - Foto media sosial


Roisah Abdullah. - Foto media sosial


SERDANG - Pelajar cemerlang tanpa dokumen kelahiran dan pengenalan, Roisah Abdullah, ditawarkan untuk menyambung pelajaran ke Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM).

Menteri Pendidikan Tinggi Datuk Seri Idris Jusoh berkata beliau telah bertemu Roisah, 20, bagi menawarkan peluang menyambung pelajaran di UUM.
Menurut Idris, Roisah, yang turut menerima beberapa tawaran belajar yang lain, gembira dengan tawaran yang diberikan kerajaan itu namun meminta sedikit masa untuk membuat keputusan terbaik bagi dirinya.
"Selain tawaran itu, kita juga akan memastikan pelajar cemerlang bukan berstatus warganegara itu diberikan taraf kerakyatan untuk memudahkan proses seterusnya," katanya kepada pemberita selepas menghadiri program #Keeping In Touch Wanita KPT Bersama Menteri Pendidikan Tinggi di Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) di sini hari ini.
Majlis tersebut turut dihadiri Ketua Setiausaha Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi (KPT) Tan Sri Dr Noorul Ainur Mohd Nur serta beberapa naib canselor wanita universiti dan barisan kepimpinan tertinggi wanita di kementerian tersebut.
Ketiadaan dokumen kelahiran dan kad pengenalan menyebabkan Roisah, bekas penuntut Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sungai Kapar Indah, Klang tidak dapat melanjutkan pelajaran ke peringkat lebih tinggi walaupun memperoleh 3A dan 1B dalam Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM), mencatat 7A dan 1B dalam Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) serta semua A dalam Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR).
Ibu Roisah merupakan warga asing manakala identiti bapanya tidak diketahui. Beliau dibesarkan oleh seorang ibu angkat warga tempatan.



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