FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

.

16 December 2010

Tan Sri Tajuddin Ramli & SPRM



Kes Tajuddin Ramli: SPRM temui bukti baru


KUALA LUMPUR 15 Dis. - Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM) menemui bukti baru berkaitan rasuah dan salahguna kuasa yang dipercayai melibatkan bekas Pengerusi Malaysia Airlines System Bhd. (MAS), Tan Sri Tajuddin Ramli.

Pengerusi Panel Penilaian Operasi (PPO) SPRM, Tan Sri Dr. Hadenan Abdul Jalil berkata, bukti-bukti baru terbabit diterima SPRM beberapa bulan lalu.

Difahamkan, antara bukti diterima suruhanjaya itu adalah beberapa dokumen yang dipercayai boleh membantu siasatan.

Menurutnya, buat masa ini, pihak SPRM masih lagi menjalankan siasatan dan keputusannya belum diketahui.

"Bukti-bukti baru itu diterima daripada pelbagai sumber dan bila siasatan telah selesai kita akan kemukakan.

"Saya ingin tegaskan di sini bahawa, SPRM tidak pernah tutup siasatan kes itu dan dakwaan yang menyatakan SPRM tidak menjalankan siasatan adalah tidak benar sama sekali," katanya kepada pemberita di sini hari ini.

Beliau dan beberapa PPO SPRM sebelum itu mengadakan mesyuarat PPO di Akademi Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (MACA) di Jalan Duta di sini.

Sebelum ini, Naib Presiden Pas, Salahuddin Ayub menggesa kerajaan menyiasat semula kerugian yang pernah dialami oleh MAS sebanyak RM8 bilion ketika syarikat tersebut diterajui oleh Tajuddin dalam tempoh antara 1994 hingga 2001.


Source: http://www.mykedah2.com/e_20hall_fame/e202_3_02.htm

Tan Sri Tajuddin Ramli was born in Kg. Kuala Kangkong, Kedah on 13th April 1946. He had his education at the Sultan Abdul Hamid College until 1966. In 1967, he continued his tertiary education at the University of Malaya and graduated in 1970 with a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration.

Career :

*Administrative Officer at Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Malaysia
*Marketing Executive, Dunlop Industries Berhad (1970)
*General Manager, Utama Wardley Berhad
*Chief Executive Officer, Syarikat Raleigh Berhad (1984)
*Executive Chairman, Technology Resources Industries Berhad
*Chairman, Alpine Resources Sdn. Bhd.
*Chairman, Arah Murni Sdn. Bhd.
*Chairman, RZ Equities Sdn. Bhd.
*Chairman, Celcom Berhad
*Director, General Lumber Holdings Bhd.
*Chairman, Malaysian Airlines System Berhad (MAS)
*Chairman, Southeast Asian Telecommunications Community (SEATLE)

*Member, Commonwealth Consultative Group of Technology Management
*Member, Trustee of Bumiputera Entrepreneur Foundation
*Chairman, Malaysian Industry and Government for High Technology (MIGHT)
*President, Malay Chamber of Commerce, Malaysia
*President, National Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Malaysia (NCCIM)
*President, Asean Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI)
*Member, Malaysian Economic Action Committee (MTEN)
*Member of National Economic Consultation (MAPEN I & II)




.
Posted by at