FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:


Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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22 December 2010

Top Officers and Top Corruption Practises !




http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010&dt=1222&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Muka_Hadapan&pg=mh_03.htm
(22nd Dec 2010)

Tidak mengaku terima rasuah

Oleh SUWARNI MOKHTAR
pengarang@utusan.com.my

MAHAZMI selepas didakwa menerima rasuah RM200,000 di Mahkamah Seksyen Jalan Duta, Kuala Lumpur, semalam. – utusan/HAFIZH KHOSMAT

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KUALA LUMPUR 21 Dis. – Bekas Pengurus Kanan Kebolehan Marin Sime Darby Engineering Sdn. Bhd. mengaku tidak bersalah di Mahkamah Sesyen di sini hari ini atas tuduhan menerima rasuah RM200,000 daripada seorang pemilik syarikat pembinaan kapal, dua tahun lalu.

Mazhazmi Jamaludin, 36, merupakan individu kedua yang didakwa di mahkamah sejak pendedahan mengenai kerugian RM2.1 bilion yang ditanggung oleh Sime Darby Bhd. (Sime Darby) pada Mei lalu. Dia yang tiba di mahkamah dengan ditemani isteri dan seorang lagi rakannya dilihat menitiskan air mata beberapa minit selepas duduk di galeri awam.

Pada 6 Ogos lalu, Pengurus Besar Sime Darby Holdings Bhd., Zamri Mohd. Iderus, 39, mengaku tidak bersalah di Mahkamah Sesyen Shah Alam atas dua pertuduhan menerima rasuah RM99,000 serta menggunakan maklumat harga bidaan tanpa kebenaran syarikat pada 2008.

Pada prosiding hari ini, Mazhazmi didakwa menerima rasuah wang tunai RM200,000 daripada pemilik syarikat pembinaan kapal, MLC Shipbuildings Sdn. Bhd. (MLC), Redzuan Goh Mohammed Karian.

Suapan wang tersebut adalah sebagai upah bagi mencadangkan MLC kepada Sime Darby dalam mendapatkan kontrak pembinaan dan penjualan tiga buah kapal tunda (barge) bernilai AS$134.2 juta (RM467.9 juta). Upah tersebut juga didakwa sebagai balasan kepada tertuduh yang mengesahkan bayaran tertentu bagi pembinaan kapal-kapal tersebut.

Perbuatan itu didakwa dilakukan antara pukul 1.25 petang dan 5 petang, 31 Disember 2008 di bilik mesyuarat syarikat tersebut yang terletak di Megan Avenue 1, Blok C, 6-1, Jalan Tun Razak di sini.

Pertuduhan terhadapnya dikemukakan mengikut Seksyen 11(a) Akta Pencegahan Rasuah 1997 dan boleh dihukum di bawah Seksyen 16 akta yang sama.

Jika sabit kesalahan, tertuduh boleh dihukum penjara minimum 14 hari atau tidak melebihi 20 tahun dan denda RM10,000 atau lima kali ganda nilai suapan atau yang mana lebih tinggi.

Pendakwaan dikendalikan oleh Timbalan Pendakwa Raya dari Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM), Kevin Morais manakala tertuduh diwakili peguam bela, Shamsul Sulaiman. Morais mencadangkan jaminan RM20,000 dengan seorang penjamin terhadap tertuduh tetapi dibantah oleh peguam bela.

Shamsul ketika memohon jumlah jaminan tersebut dikurangkan turut meminta wang jaminan yang telah dikenakan oleh SPRM sebelum ini iaitu sebanyak RM10,000 dikembalikan kepada tertuduh agar boleh digunakan untuk membayar jamin.

Morais memohon mahkamah mengekalkan jumlah jaminan yang dicadangkan ekoran jumlah wang rasuah yang terlibat dalam kes itu adalah tinggi.

Hakim Rozilah Salleh kemudian membenarkan tertuduh diikat jamin RM20,000 setelah menyifatkan jumlah yang dicadangkan oleh pihak pendakwaan adalah munasabah.

Mahkamah turut menetapkan 7 Januari ini untuk sebutan semula kes itu bagi membolehkan pihak pendakwaan membekalkan dokumen berkaitan kepada pihak pembelaan mengikut peruntukan di bawah Seksyen 51A Kanun Tatacara Jenayah.



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http://www.mmail.com.my/content/58405-sime-darby-man-charged-accepting-bribes
(21st December 2010)

Sime Darby man charged for accepting bribes

Submitted by shaza on Tuesday, December 21st, 2010
Accused claims he was stripped naked by MACC during investigations
Reena Raj
Tuesday, December 21st, 2010 12:11:00
KUALA LUMPUR: A former senior manager of Sime Darby Engineering Sdn Bhd was charged at the Sessions Court here today for accepting bribes to secure a contract for the construction and sale of three barges. Mazhazmi Jamaludin, 36, claimed trial to the charge after it was read to him.

Mazhazmi, now a general manager in an investment holdings company, was charged with committing the offence as a senior manager in Kebolehan Marin (marine services) in Sime Darby engineering on Dec 31, 2008, between 1.25 to 5pm at the MLC Shipbuildings Sdn Bhd meeting room in Jalan Tun Razak, here.

Mazhazmi had allegedly accepted a RM200,000 bribe from the owner of MLC shipbuilding, Redzuan Goh Mohammed Karian, to secure a contract by suggesting, "MLC construction and sale of one Derrick Lay Barge construction and sale of one unit 75m (Wartsila 8000 bhp) Anchor handling truck/ supply vessel Hull number : 75084 worth US$134.2 million".

Mazhazmi allegedly also approved payment for the construction of a unit of Derrick Lay Barge Hull no MLC 12888 and two units of Anchor Handling Tug/Supply Vessels Hul number 75083 and 75084. He was charged under Section 11 of the Anti-Corruption Act 1997 and is liable to a maximum jail term of 20 years and a fine of not less than five times the value of the bribe or RM10,000, whichever is higher. Judge Rozilah Salleh set bail at RM20,000 with one surety.

Mazhazmi's counsel, Shamsul Sulaiman, told the court his client claimed he was tortured by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) during investigations. "My client was initially told he was being questioned as a witness but later was charged. He was stripped naked and blindfolded before being forced to engage in physicals acts, such as standing on one leg. He was also verbally abused and gave a statement he was told to," Shamsul said.

MACC senior deputy public prosecutor cum Assistant Director of Legal & Prosecution, Anthony Kevin Morais disagreed with Shamsul's statement. "Mazhazmi was released on police bail in June. He had six months to file a police report but he did not and only today is it brought up," he said. Mazhazmi was dressed in a pink checkered shirt was seen wiping his tears when Shansul told the court about the alleged abuse.

The court set Jan 7 for mention.

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http://www.mmail.com.my/content/58241-former-immigration-deputy-dg-gets-56-years-graft (21 December 2010)

Former Immigration deputy D-G gets 56 years for graft

Submitted by shaza on Monday, December 20th, 2010

Reena Raj
Monday, December 20th, 2010 10:44:00
UPDATED 2.20PM

KUALA LUMPUR: The Sessions Court here this morning sentenced former Immigration Deputy Director-General Yusof Abu Bakar to 56 years jail and a RM620,000 fine after he was found guilty of 14 charges of accepting bribes amounting to RM121,500 for approving the extension of social visit passes for Chinese nationals.

Judge Abu Bakar Katar found Yusof guilty of the charges last Thursday after hearing submissions from deputy public prosecutor Ahmad Sazilee Abdul Khairi and Yusof's counsel Mohammed Azmi Mohd Said.

Abu Bakar, however, ordered the sentence to run concurrently. Yusof will only face six years in jail as that is the highest sentence that can be handed for his 14 charges. The judge also ordered the jail term to begin from the date of conviction, which was on Dec 16. Yusof, 56, was dressed in a dark blue blazer and looked calm when the sentence was read out.

Mohammed Azmi asked for a stay of execution from the court as they planned to file an appeal. Abu Bakar allowed the stay with the condition that they post a RM20,000 bail with two sureties as well as file the appeal by tomorrow. In mitigation on Thursday, Mohammed Azmi urged the court to impose a non-custodial sentence on his client.

He said the crime committed by Yusof had not hurt any one and he cooperated during investigations. Mohammed Azmi said Yusof stood to lose his pension and gratuities even though he had served the government for 32 years.

Yusof, according to the lawyer, had already suffered when one of his two sons died in an accident earlier this year. Furthermore, he suffers from diabetes, heart problems and high blood pressure. Ahmad Sazilee, meanwhile, asked the court to mete out the sentence to serve as an example for civil servants involved in graft.

Yusof, according to the DPP, was a PTD (Administrative and Diplomatic Officer) at JUSA grade C level when he committed the offence. Yusof was charged on Oct 14, 2008, with accepting bribes of between RM500 and RM18,000 from a sales manager between March 21 and June 25 the same year. The offences were committed in his office at Level 7 of the Immigration Department in Putrajaya; at the Federal Hotel in Jalan Bukit Bintang and at a Caltex petrol station in Jalan Pudu.

On Nov 14, 2008, Yusof, was charged with four counts of corruption in the Klang Sessions Court as well as one corruption charge at the Petaling Jaya Sessions Court. All cases were transferred to the Kuala Lumpur Sessions Court when trial started on Feb 22.



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