FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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24 January 2011

Datuk Wira Termuda ?!


http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2011&dt=0124&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Dalam_Negeri&pg=dn_14.htm
(24th January 2011)

SM Faisal penerima termuda darjah Datuk Wira


Mohd. Khalil Yaakob menganugerahkan darjah DCSM kepada SM Faisal SM Nasimuddin di Dewan Seri Negeri, Melaka semalam.

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MELAKA 23 Jan. – Pengerusi Eksekutif Bersama Kumpulan Naza, Datuk SM Faisal SM Nasimuddin hari ini menerima Darjah Cemerlang Seri Melaka (DCSM) yang membawa gelaran Datuk Wira daripada Yang Dipertua negeri, Tun Mohd. Khalil Yaakob. Penganugerahan darjah kebesaran itu adalah sempena sambutan hari jadi ke-72 Mohd. Khalil yang berlangsung di Dewan Seri Negeri, Ayer Keroh di sini.

SM Faisal yang berusia 31 tahun merupakan penerima termuda bagi darjah kebesaran DCSM. Hadir sama, isteri Yang Dipertua negeri, Toh Puan Zurina Kassim; Ketua Menteri, Datuk Seri Mohd. Ali Rustam dan isteri, Datin Seri Asmah Abdul Rahman; Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri, Datuk Omar Kaseh dan Speaker Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN), Datuk Othman Mohamad.

Turut menerima darjah kebesaran hari ini ialah Ketua Hakim Negara, Tun Zaki Azmi yang menerima Darjah Gemilang Seri Melaka (DGSM) membawa gelaran Datuk Seri. Setiausaha Akhbar Perdana Menteri, Akmar Hisham Mohd. Yusof @ Mokhles pula menerima anugerah baru yang diperkenalkan tahun ini iaitu Darjah Pangkuan Seri Melaka (DPSM) yang membawa gelaran Datuk.

SM Faisal ketika ditemui selepas majlis itu mengucapkan syukur di atas pengurniaan darjah kebesaran itu. “Alhamdulillah, saya rasa terharu dan ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Yang Dipertua negeri dan Ketua Menteri serta kerajaan negeri kerana menganugerahkan saya DCSM. “Saya agak terperanjat mendapat anugerah ini dan lebih mengejutkan apabila saya dimaklumkan sebagai penerima termuda,” katanya.

Dalam pada itu menurutnya, Kumpulan Naza merancang terlibat dalam banyak bidang perniagaan terutama automotif dan hartanah di negeri ini. “Kita sudah menjalin hubungan kerjasama yang agak lama dengan kerajaan negeri khususnya dalam bidang perhotelan. Kumpulan Naza kini turut merancang menempatkan kilang pemasangan kereta di negeri ini. Perkara ini masih dalam perbincangan. “Bukan sahaja Melaka tetapi banyak negeri lain turut menawarkan tempat untuk Kumpulan Naza beroperasi,” ujarnya.

Sehubungan itu katanya, pihaknya sedang mempertimbangkan kesemua tawaran itu dalam usaha mengembangkan perniagaan. Beliau melihat Melaka adalah lokasi terbaik kerana kestabilan politik dan kemajuan yang dicapai dan ia cukup sempurna untuk Kumpulan Naza mengembangkan sayap di negeri ini.



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