FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

08 August 2017

Ketua polis daerah dan seorang inspektor direman bantu kes rasuah di Melaka

Source:
http://m.utusan.com.my/berita/jenayah/dua-ketua-polis-daerah-dan-seorang-inspektor-direman-bantu-kes-rasuah-di-melaka-1.482565

Dua ketua polis daerah dan seorang inspektor direman bantu kes rasuah di Melaka

PUTRAJAYA 17 Mei - Tiga lagi pegawai termasuk dua ketua polis daerah direman bagi membantu siasatan kes rasuah membabitkan kegiatan mengutip wang daripada pengusaha pusat judi haram dan rumah urut di sekitar Melaka.

Perintah reman itu dikeluarkan oleh Mahkamah Majistret di sini hari ini selepas membenarkan permohonan Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM).

Majistret Muhamad Safuan Azhar memerintahkan mereka direman selama enam hari bermula hari ini hingga 22 Mei bagi membolehkan siasatan dijalankan.

Difahamkan, dua ketua polis daerah yang berusia 54 dan 46 tahun itu merupakan pegawai yang bertugas di daerah Melaka Tengah dan Jasin.

Ketiga-tiga pegawai terbabit ditangkap kira-kira pukul 2 pagi dan ditahan di Pejabat SPRM Melaka sebelum dibawa ke Putrajaya pukul 8 pagi ini.

Mahkamah pagi tadi telah mengeluarkan perintah reman bagi kes yang sama terhadap tiga pegawai polis dan tiga orang awam selepas mereka ditahan di sekitar Melaka semalam.

Kesemua suspek disiasat mengikut Seksyen 16 (a)(B) dan 17(a) Akta SPRM 2009 dan Akta Pencegahan Pengubahan Wang Haram, Pencegahan Pembiayaan Keganasan dan Hasil daripada Aktiviti Haram 2001. - UTUSAN ONLINE

New Streets Times (NSTs)

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

08 August 2017

Ketua polis daerah dan seorang inspektor direman bantu kes rasuah di Melaka

Dua ketua polis daerah dan seorang inspektor direman bantu kes rasuah di Melaka

Malaysians Billionaire !