FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

12 June 2018

Peruntukan gaji, emolumen Agong dikurangkan 10 peratus

SOURCE:
http://www.kosmo.com.my/terkini/peruntukan-gaji-emolumen-agong-dikurangkan-10-peratus-1.689739

Peruntukan gaji, emolumen Agong dikurangkan 10 peratus

11 Jun 2018 6:46 PM

Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Muhammad V.

KUALA LUMPUR - Sultan Muhammad V memberi perkenan agar peruntukan gaji dan emolumen sebagai Yang di-Pertuan Agong dikurangkan sebanyak 10 peratus sepanjang tempoh pemerintahan Seri Paduka sehingga 2021.

Datuk Pengelola Bijaya Diraja Istana Negara, Datuk Wan Ahmad Dahlan Ab. Aziz berkata, ini kerana Seri Paduka amat prihatin tentang tahap hutang dan keadaan ekonomi negara serta mahu bersama-sama rakyat menunaikan tanggungjawab terhadap negara.

"Seri Paduka amat tersentuh dan menzahirkan ucapan penghargaan serta terima kasih kepada rakyat Malaysia yang telah bermurah hati menyumbang kepada Tabung Harapan Malaysia yang diwujudkan kerajaan baru-baru ini," katanya dalam kenyataan hari ini.

Setakat semalam, jumlah kutipan untuk Tabung Harapan Malaysia mencecah RM55,386,342.38 juta.

Wan Ahmad Dahlan juga berkata, bersempena sambutan Aidilfitri tahun ini, Seri Paduka bertitah untuk tidak mengadakan majlis rumah terbuka di Istana Negara.

Anggaran peruntukan kewangan untuk majlis rumah terbuka tersebut sepatutnya digunakan untuk membantu golongan yang kurang bernasib baik. - Bernama

New Streets Times (NSTs)

FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

12 June 2018

Peruntukan gaji, emolumen Agong dikurangkan 10 peratus

Peruntukan gaji, emolumen Agong dikurangkan 10 peratus

Malaysians Billionaire !