FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:


Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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20 July 2013

Professor USM didakwa Palsukan Tuntutan Elaun Perjalanan ?!


Source:

Profesor USM didakwa palsukan tuntutan elaun perjalanan
18 JUL 2013 11:54AM

GEORGE TOWN – Seorang profesor Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) dihadapkan ke Mahkamah Sesyen di sini hari ini terhadap tiga pertuduhan membuat kenyataan palsu dalam tuntutan elaun perjalanan untuk tugasan rasminya pada 2010.
Prof Dr P. Ambigapathy, pensyarah Pusat Pengajian Bahasa, Literasi dan Terjemahan USM mengaku tidak bersalah selepas pertuduhan dibacakan di hadapan Hakim Khairul Anuar Abdul Halim.
Ambigapathy, 56, dituduh melakukan ketiga-tiga kesalahan itu di pejabat USM dengan niat memperdayakan Pembantu Tadbir Kewangan Haryatie Zainor, dengan menyerahkan dokumen iaitu kenyataan tuntutan elaun perjalanan dalam negeri yang palsu bagi bulan Februari 2010 untuk tugasan rasminya dengan nilai sebanyak RM1,242.
Kesemua tuntutan perjalanan rasmi itu dibuat dengan menggunakan kereta sendiri jenis Mercedez Benz  bernombor pendaftaran PJL 1292 sedangkan tertuduh sebenarnya menggunakan kereta jabatan jenis Proton Perdana dengan nombor pendaftaran PHJ 6116.
Bagi pertuduhan pertama, Ambigapathy didakwa pada 10 Februari 2010 telah mengemukakan tuntutan perjalanan rasminya bagi kerja lapangan dan mengumpul data  penyelidikan yang berlangsung pada 6 hingga 8 Februari 2010.
Bagi dua lagi pertuduhan, beliau didakwa pada 7 Jun 2010 telah mengemukakan tuntutan perjalanan rasminya untuk kajian penyelidikan di USM Kubang Kerian, Kelantan dan Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) pada 6 Februari 2010 dan ke Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) pada 7 Februari dan 9 Februari 2010.
Beliau didakwa mengikut Seksyen 18, Akta Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia  (SPRM) 2009 yang memperuntukkan hukuman penjara maksimum 20 tahun atau denda tidak kurang dari lima kali ganda atau nilai butir matan yang palsu jika dapat dinilai atau berbentuk wang atau RM10,000, mengikut mana lebih tinggi.
Hakim Khairul Anuar membenarkan tertuduh diikat jamin RM8,000 dengan seorang penjamin dan  menetapkan 16 Ogos untuk sebutan semula kes.
Ambigapathy diwakili peguam  M. Athimulan manakala pendakwaan dilakukan Timbalan Pendakwa Raya SPRM, Janariah Abdul Mutalib. – Bernama


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Source:  
19 July 2013| last updated at 12:27AM

Lecturer faces jail, fine over mileage claims

By MELISSA DARLYNE CHOW | news@nst.com.my 

NOT GUILTY PLEA: He is accused of falsely claiming RM1,242 for interstate research trips


GEORGE TOWN: AUNIVERSITI Sains Malaysia lecturer claimed trial in the Sessions Court yesterday to three charges of making false claims amounting to RM1,242 three years ago.

Professor Ambigapathy Pandian, a former dean at the School of Language, Literacy and Translation in USM, was accused of committing the offence against financial administrative assistant Haryatie Zainor, 33, at the USM office between Feb 10 and June 7, 2010.

On the first charge, the 56-year-old was alleged to have knowingly given Haryatie an interstate mileage allowance claim in February 2010 for fieldwork and gathering of research data carried out between Feb 6 and 8.

He was alleged to have made the claim for using his own vehicle, a Mercedes Benz, when he had actually used the department's Proton Perdana for the 800km trip.

On the second charge, Ambigapathy was accused of knowingly giving Haryatie another interstate mileage allowance claim for February 2010 for research at USM's Kubang Kerian campus in Kelantan and Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, as well as a trip to Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) on Feb 6 and 7, 2010 respectively.

He is alleged to have made the claim on June 7, 2010, when actually the mileage claim had already been paid to him on March 23, 2010.

On the third count, he was charged with knowingly submitting to Haryatie an interstate mileage allowance claim for a trip to UMT on Feb 8, 2010 to carry out a study when in fact he had not gone there.

The offences, under Section 18 of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2009 and punishable under Section 24 of the same act, carries a maximum 20 years' jail and a fine of not less than five times the amount of the claim, or RM10,000, whichever is higher.

Dressed in a yellow shirt and cream-coloured pants, Ambigapathy appeared calm when the charges were read out to him. Deputy public prosecutor Janariah Abdul Mutalib, who appeared for MACC, asked for bail to be set at RM10,000 on all three charges.

M. Athimulan, who represented Ambigapathy, asked for the amount to be lowered, stating that his client had served in USM for 30 years and that he was still lecturing as a professor at the university as well as supervising doctorate students.

Athimulan also told the court that the offences committed by his client were simple technical mistakes. Judge Khairul Anuar Abdul Halim set bail at RM8,000 in one surety and fixed Aug 16 for mention.


Prof Ambigapathy Pandian leaving the Sessions Court after being charged with three counts of making false claims yesterday. Pic by Asman Ibrahim
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COMMENTS:

What is ALL this? Of ALL the corrupted politicians and corporate leaders that get away with millions of ringgit worth of tax evasion and corrupted money, SPRM has to spend a large amount of resources of manpower and pay their officials (travelling expenses, logging, meals) worth at least a few hundreds (each personnel), and multiple that by 2-5 officials who must go down and interrogate/investigate the professor concerned (plus desk staff's salaries, plus paper works costs, etc.), just for what? So that they can nab a professor in USM who is alleged to falsely claim mileage of RM1242 ?!

I just thought that the professor might have discriminate someone or make someone upset enough, so much so, that the individual concerned spent much times complying enough paper evidences to launch a compliant with SPRM. 

Lesson to be learnt is, ‘NO one is indispensable.’ Even IF you are a professor, so you need to treat your staff well – every time. Administrative staff too should not be too proud, they are dispensable as well !  Work with integrity and be happy with your salary (as per your qualification) is the teaching of all religion.   

I just thought, an INTERNAL enquiry by the Dean or Vice-Chancellor, where a stern warning be giving to the professor concerned, or worst case scenario, ‘advise’ the professor to ‘resign’ from service, or further action be taken. Court action is too much, especially for the professor who has spent almost 30 years in service for USM. Crime is crime, but still humane consideration can also be given. Also by doing that, the ‘corporate image’ of USM will also be safeguard.     

Damage has already been done, to the university’s image and professor concerned, regardless whether the professor is found guilty or not later. I am just sad that of recent, school teachers and lecturers seem to be the target of criminals and crooks. Decades back, school teachers and lecturers are the most highly respect professions. It still is, but today, it’s much more vulnerable! 



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