FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION


FREEDOM OF SPEECH / FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used [United Nations, 1966, 1976]. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of speech as "the right to hold opinions without interference. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression". Furthermore freedom of speech is recognized in European, inter-American and African regional human rights law [United Nations, 1966, 1967]. Freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights [Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold, 2005; Kumar, Ambika, 2006].

In Islamic ethics freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph Umar in the 7th century. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason.

According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe [Boisard, Marcel A., 1980].

* Selected REFERENCES / Sources:

Amnesty International: Annual Reports: URLhttp://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/index.html Andrew Puddephatt & Hodder Arnold. (2005). Freedom of Expression: The Essentials of Human Rights. United Publishers. Boisard, Marcel A. (July 1980), "On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law", International Journal of Middle East Studies 11 (4): 429–50. Goddard, Hugh. (2000). A History of Christian-Muslim Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kumar, Ambika. (2006). ‘Using Courts to Enforce the Free Speech Provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Published by Chicago Journal of International Law. Summer 2006. URLhttp://www.allbusiness.com/corporate-governance/4082846-1.html United Nations: ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.’ Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16th December 1966: Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49. URLhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (United Nations) Wikipedia. (2010). ‘Freedom of Speech.’ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression

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22 March 2016

Shahnaz fail rayuan balas, tuntut RM100 juta !!


KOMEN:

Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. mengingatkan kita, apabila dekat akhir zaman, akan ada segolongan wanita yang suka meminta-minta lebih daripada suami nya, dan akan ada segolongan suami pula yang akan mengabaikan tanggungjawab keluarga, DUIT dan HARTA dijadikan rebutan, anak-anak pula tercicir, terabai, dan mengejar kemewahan hidup dunia (materialism) semata-mata.

Ingatlah kepada Allah, ingatlah kpd kematian & kebangkitan di padang masyar, ingatlah kpd keadilan kemudian hari, ingatlah tanggungjawab hakiki suami-isteri, di dlm membimbing anak-anak salih, dan keluarga salih.

HIDUP di DUNIA INI SEMENTARA saja, usah jadi rebutan, ber'adil lah, dan bersederhana lah. ALLAH AKBAR !!


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Sumber:
http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/tuntutan-hak-mempunyai-batasan-1.207219


TUNTUTAN HAK MEMPUNYAI BATASAN

SAODAH ABD. RAHMAN  |  01 April 2016 6:05 PM

SETIAP individu sepatutnya memahami sejauh mana hak dan kebebasan yang boleh dan perlu dituntut dalam setiap aspek kehidupan. Konsep hak dan kebebasan adalah berbeza di antara satu masyarakat dengan masyarakat lain. Masyarakat yang mempunyai latar belakang sekular dan tidak terikat dengan tradisi agama beranggapan bahawa setiap aspek kehidupan perlu dituntut tanpa me­ngira budaya dan agama.

Golongan yang didedahkan de­ngan pemahaman sekular begini akan menuntut hak dan kebebasan daripada setiap masyarakat tanpa menghirau pemahaman akidah, budaya, sensitiviti dan corak kehidupan masyarakat beragama........



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Sumber:
http://www.utusan.com.my/berita/mahkamah/shahnaz-fail-rayuan-balas-tuntut-rm100-juta-1.202978

Shahnaz fail rayuan balas, tuntut RM100 juta

21 Mac 2016 12:01 PM

KUALA LUMPUR 21 Mac - Kakak kepada Ratu Jaz Negara, Shahnaz Abdul Majid memfailkan rayuan balas selepas tidak berpuas hati dengan jumlah mutaah RM30 juta yang diberikan oleh Mahkamah Tinggi Syariah di sini pada 10 Mac lalu.
Shahnaz, 53, yang memfailkan rayuan balas tersebut hari ini di Kaunter Pendaftar Mahkamah Tinggi di sini memohon jumlah mutaah RM100 juta sebagaimana tuntutan asalnya daripada bekas suaminya, Datuk Seri Mahmud Abu Bekir Abdul Taib. - UTUSAN ONLINE




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